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Tobelitization of Smectite During Oil Generation in Oil-Source Shales. Application to North Sea Illite-Tobelite-Smectite-Vermiculite

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Victor A. Drits ,
Holger Lindgreen ,
Boris A. Sakharov ,
Hans Jørgen Jakobsen ,
Alfred L. Salyn  and
Lidia G. Dainyak
Victor A. Drits
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D.7, 109017 Moscow, Russia
Holger Lindgreen*
Affiliation:
Clay Mineralogical Laboratory, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Thoravej 8, DK2400 Copenhagen NV, Denmark
Boris A. Sakharov
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D.7, 109017 Moscow, Russia
Hans Jørgen Jakobsen
Affiliation:
Instrument Centre for Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy, Department of Chemistry, University of Aarhus, DK8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Alfred L. Salyn
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D.7, 109017 Moscow, Russia
Lidia G. Dainyak
Affiliation:
Institute of Geology, Russian Academy of Science, Pyzhevsky per D.7, 109017 Moscow, Russia
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: hl@geus.dk
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Abstract

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Illite-smectite (I-S) minerals isolated from Upper Jurassic oil-source rock shales from Denmark and the North Sea have been investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, infrared, Mössbauer, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and chemical analysis. Detailed structures have been determined in order to reveal the diagenetic transformation mechanism in these shales. Generally, in oil-source rocks of sedimentary basins, oil generation takes place simultaneously with the diagenetic transformation of I-S. We demonstrate a link between the two reactions: NH3 released from kerogen during maximum oil generation is fixed as NH4+ in the NH4-bearing mica or tobelite layers formed from smectite or vermiculite layers in I-S, in a diagenetic interval which we name the ‘tobelitization window’. Due to this solid-state transformation, mixed-layer structures have been formed consisting of interstratified illite, tobelite, smectite and vermiculite layers (I-T-S-V) and having maximum ordering of illite + tobelite and smectite layers for R = 1. The tobelitization of smectite in I-S is probably typical for all oil-source rock shales.

Keywords

AmmoniumDiagenesisIllite-smectiteJurassicNorth SeaOil-Source RockShales
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 50 , Issue 1 , February 2002 , pp. 82 - 98
Copyright
Copyright © 2002, The Clay Minerals Society

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