Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:48:40.917Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Geochemistry and mineralogy of zeolitic tuffs from the Alaçatı (Çeşme) area, Turkey

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2024

Hülya Kaçmaz  and
Uğur Köktürk
Hülya Kaçmaz*
Affiliation:
Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Geological Engineering, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
Uğur Köktürk
Affiliation:
Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Engineering, Dept. of Mining Engineering, 35100, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
*
*E-mail address of corresponding author: hulya.kacmaz@deu.edu.tr
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

Silicic vitric tuffs of the Alaçatı (Çeşme) area, west of Izmir (Turkey), are partly altered to authigenic zeolites and clay minerals. Mordenite and clinoptilolite-heulandite accompanied by smectite are the main alteration products of the tuffs. Scanning electron microscope examination indicates that mordenite forms mainly from a gel-like precursor and to a lesser degree from volcanic glass. Mordenite and clinoptilolite-heulandite have formed by the hydrolysis and dissolution of silicic vitric tuffs by thermal waters which circulated through the fracture zone into porous vitric tuffs. These thermal waters, which resulted from mixing of thermal (Na-Cl type) and groundwaters, provided the extra Na and Ca that are necessary for the formation of mordenite. Various percentages of calcite are present in the altered tuffs. The enrichment of calcite in the altered tuffs indicates that thermal waters supply Ca, sourced from dissolution of Triassic carbonate rocks.

The alteration minerals in the Alaçatı (Çeşme) area do not seem to be laterally zoned. The occurrence of the zeolites seems to be related to inferred fracture zones trending NE—SW. These fracture zones are important because they provide porosity and permeability in the tuffs for zeolite formation. The large glass content and permeability of tuffs accompanied by the favorable hydrochemical condition resulted in zeolitization of the Alaçatı (Çeşme) area.

Keywords

AlaçatıAlterationClinoptilolite-heulanditeMordeniteTuffTurkey
Type
Research Article
Information
Clays and Clay Minerals , Volume 52 , Issue 6 , December 2004 , pp. 705 - 713
Copyright
Copyright © 2004, The Clay Minerals Society

References

Bernhard, F. and Barth-Wirsching, U., (2002) Zeolitization of a phonolitic ash flow by groundwater in the Laach volcanic area, Eifel, Germany Clays and Clay Minerals 50 710–725 10.1346/000986002762090245.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birsoy, R., (2002) Activity diagrams of zeolites: Implications for the occurrences of zeolites in Turkey and of erionite worldwide Clays and Clay Minerals 50 136–144 10.1346/000986002761002748.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Christidis, G., (1998) Physical and chemical properties of some bentonite deposits of Kimolos Island, Greece Applied Clay Science 13 79–98 10.1016/S0169-1317(98)00023-4.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conrad, M.A. Hipfel, B. and Satır, M., (1995) Chemical and stable isotopic characteristics of thermal waters from the Çeşme-Seferihisar Area, Izmir (W-Turkey) IESCA Proceedings II 669–679.Google Scholar
Deutsch, W.J., (1997) Groundwater Geochemistry: Fundamentals and Applications to Contamination Boca Raton, Florida, USA Lewis.Google Scholar
Gemici, and Filiz, S., (2001) Hydrochemistry of Çeşme geothermal area in western Turkey Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 110 171–187 10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00202-5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fisher, R. and Shmincke, H., (1984) Pyroclastic Rocks New York Springer-Verlag 10.1007/978-3-642-74864-6 472 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, A., (1998) Zeolitization of volcaniclastic sediments: the role of temperature and pH Journal of Sedimentary Research 68 739–745 10.2110/jsr.68.739.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, D.B. Sheppard, R.A. Gude, A.J., Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A., (1978) Hydrothermal synthesis of clinoptilolite and comments on the assemblage phillipsite-clinoptilolite-mordenite Natural Zeolites, Occurrence, Properties, Use New York Pergamon Press.Google Scholar
Hay, R.L., Sand, L.B. and Mumpton, F.A., (1978) Geologic occurrence of zeolites Natural Zeolites, Occurrence, Properties, Use New York, USA Pergamon Press 135–143.Google Scholar
Iijima, A. (1980). Geology of natural zeolites and zeolitic rocks, Japan. Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Zeolites. Naples, Italy.Google Scholar
Imai, N. Terashima, S. Itoh, S. and Ando, A., (1995) 1994 compilation of analytical data for minor and trace elements in seventeen GSJ geochemical reference samples, ‘Igneous rock series’ Geostandards Newsletter 19 135–213 10.1111/j.1751-908X.1995.tb00158.x.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaçmaz, H. (2001) Alaçatı (Çeşme) tüflerinin jeokimyasal özellikleri ve zeolitleşme. Unpublished MSc thesis, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Kitsopoulos, K.P., (1997) The genesis of a mordenite deposit by hydrothermal alteration of pyroclastics on Polyegos Island, Greece Clays and Clay Minerals 45 632–648 10.1346/CCMN.1997.0450503.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mariner, R.H. and Surdam, R.C., (1970) Alkalinity and formation of zeolites in saline alkaline lakes Science 170 977–980 10.1126/science.170.3961.977.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mas, G.R., Bengochea, L. and Mas, L.C. (2000) Hydrothermal alteration at El Humazo Geothermal area, Domuyo Volcano, Argentina. Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, pp. 1413–1418.Google Scholar
Mumpton, F.A. and Ormsby, W.C., (1976) Morphology of zeolites in sedimentary rocks by scanning electron microscopy Clays and Clay Minerals 24 1–23 10.1346/CCMN.1976.0240101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Perkin-Elmer, , (1976) Analytical Methods for Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry USA Perkin-Elmer Corporation.Google Scholar
Pettijohn, F.J., (1957) Sedimentary Rocks 2nd New York Harper and Row.Google Scholar
Phillips, L.V., (1983) Mordenite occurrences in the Marysvale area, Piute County, Utah: a field and experimental study Brigham Young University, Geological Studies 30 95–111.Google Scholar
Sheppard, R.A. Simandl, G.J., Simandl, G.J. Hora, Z.D. and Lefebure, D.V., (1999) Open-system Zeolites Selected British Columbia Mineral Deposit Profiles, Volume 3, Industrial Minerals Canada British Columbia Ministry of Energy and Mines 1999–2010.Google Scholar
Tsitsishvili, G.V. Andronikashvili, T.G. Kirov, G.N. and Filizova, L.D., (1992) Natural Zeolites New York Ellis Horwood 97 pp.Google Scholar
Türkbileği, H. and Aşıcı, Y. (1988) İzmir (Cumaovası, Urla, Çeşme, Karaburun) ve Manisa (Gördes-Akhisar) zeolit yatakları maden jeolojisi raporu. MTA Genel Müdürlüğü Araştırma Raporları (in Turkish).Google Scholar
Wilkin, R.T. and Barnes, H.L., (2000) Nucleation and growth kinetics of analcime from precursor Na-clinoptilolite American Mineralogist 85 1329–1341 10.2138/am-2000-1001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Winchester, J.A. and Floyd, P.A., (1977) Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements Chemical Geology 20 325–343 10.1016/0009-2541(77)90057-2.CrossRefGoogle Scholar