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Altered brain functional networks in Internet gaming disorder: independent component and graph theoretical analysis under a probability discounting task

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 April 2019

Ziliang Wang ,
Xiaoyue Liu ,
Yanbo Hu ,
Hui Zheng ,
Xiaoxia Du  and
Guangheng Dong Open the ORCID record for Guangheng Dong [Opens in a new window]
Ziliang Wang
Affiliation:
Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
Xiaoyue Liu
Affiliation:
School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
Yanbo Hu
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
Hui Zheng
Affiliation:
Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China
Xiaoxia Du
Affiliation:
Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
Guangheng Dong*
Affiliation:
Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province 311121, China Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
*
*Address correspondence to: Guangheng Dong, Ph.D., Professor, Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, 688 Yingbin Road, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province 311121, China. (Email: dongguangheng@zjnu.edu.cn)
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Abstract

Objectives

Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is becoming a matter of concern around the world. However, the neural mechanism underlying IGD remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between the neuronal network of IGD participants and that of recreational Internet game users (RGU).

Methods

Imaging and behavioral data were collected from 18 IGD participants and 20 RGU under a probability discounting task. The independent component analysis (ICA) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) were used to analyze the data.

Results

Behavioral results showed the IGD participants, compared to RGU, prefer risky options to the fixed ones and spent less time in making risky decisions. In imaging results, the ICA analysis revealed that the IGD participants showed stronger functional connectivity (FC) in reward circuits and executive control network, as well as lower FC in anterior salience network (ASN) than RGU; for the GTA results, the IGD participants showed impaired FC in reward circuits and ASN when compared with RGU.

Conclusions

These results suggest that IGD participants were more sensitive to rewards, and they were more impulsive in decision-making as they could not control their impulsivity effectively. This might explain why IGD participants cannot stop their gaming behaviors even when facing severe negative consequences.

Keywords

ICAGTApossibility discount taskexecutive controlreward circuits
Type
Original Research
Information
CNS Spectrums , Volume 24 , Issue 5 , October 2019 , pp. 544 - 556
Copyright
© Cambridge University Press 2019 

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Footnotes

Ziliang Wang and Xiaoyue Liu contributed equally. Ziliang Wang and Xiaoyue Liu analyzed the data and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Hui Zheng contributed to experimental programming and data preprocessing. Xiaoxia Du contributed to fMRI data collection. Guangheng Dong and Yanbo Hu designed the research and revised and improved the manuscript. All authors contributed to and had approved the final manuscript.

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