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Post-error adjustment among children aged 7 years with a familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: A population-based cohort study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 May 2021

Birgitte Klee Burton Open the ORCID record for Birgitte Klee Burton [Opens in a new window] ,
Anders Petersen ,
Heike Eichele ,
Nicoline Hemager ,
Katrine S. Spang ,
Ditte Ellersgaard ,
Camilla Jerlang Christiani ,
Aja Greve ,
Ditte Gantriis  and
Jens Richardt M. Jepsen
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Birgitte Klee Burton*
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
Anders Petersen
Affiliation:
Centre for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Heike Eichele
Affiliation:
Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Nicoline Hemager
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Hellerup, Denmark
Katrine S. Spang
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
Ditte Ellersgaard
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Hellerup, Denmark
Camilla Jerlang Christiani
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Hellerup, Denmark
Aja Greve
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
Ditte Gantriis
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
Jens Richardt M. Jepsen
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Hellerup, Denmark Centre for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research & Centre for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatric Hospital Centre Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
Ole Mors
Affiliation:
The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
Merete Nordentoft
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health – CORE, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Hellerup, Denmark
Anne AE Thorup
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark
Kerstin Jessica Plessen
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH), Aarhus, Denmark Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
Signe Vangkilde
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark Centre for Visual Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
*
Author for Correspondence: Birgitte Klee Burton, PhD, Specialist in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre, Mental Health Services Capital Region, Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 3A, 1st floor, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark; E-mail: birgitte.klee.burton@regionh.dk
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Abstract

The cognitive control system matures gradually with age and shows age-related sex differences. To gain knowledge concerning error adaptation in familial high-risk groups, investigating error adaptation among the offspring of parents with severe mental disorders is important and may contribute to the understanding of cognitive functioning in at-risk individuals. We identified an observational cohort through Danish registries and measured error adaptation using an Eriksen flanker paradigm. We tested 497 7-year-old children with a familial high risk of schizophrenia (N = 192) or bipolar disorder (N = 116) for deficits in error adaptation compared with a control group (N = 189). We investigated whether error adaptation differed between high-risk groups compared with controls and sex differences in the adaptation to errors, irrespective of high-risk status. Overall, children exhibited post-error slowing (PES), but the slowing of responses did not translate to significant improvements in accuracy. No differences were detected between either high-risk group compared with the controls. Boys showed less PES and PES after incongruent trials than girls. Our results suggest that familial high risk of severe mental disorders does not influence error adaptation at this early stage of cognitive control development. Error adaptation behavior at age 7 years shows specific sex differences.

Keywords

bipolar disordererror adaptationpost-error improvement of accuracypost-error slowingschizophrenia
Type
Regular Article
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 34 , Issue 5: Special Section: Leveraging Genetically Informative Study Designs to Understand the Development and Familial Transmission of Psychopathology , December 2022 , pp. 2023 - 2033
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© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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