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Premorbid risk factors for major depressive disorder: Are they associated with early onset and recurrent course?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  25 November 2014

Sylia Wilson ,
Uma Vaidyanathan ,
Michael B. Miller ,
Matt McGue  and
William G. Iacono
Sylia Wilson
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Uma Vaidyanathan
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Michael B. Miller
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Matt McGue
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
William G. Iacono*
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
*
Address correspondence and reprint requests to: William G. Iacono, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, 75 East River Road, Minneapolis, MN 55455; E-mail: wiacono@umn.edu.
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Abstract

Premorbid risk for major depressive disorder (MDD) and predictors of an earlier onset and recurrent course were examined in two studies in a large, community-based sample of parents and offspring, prospectively assessed from late childhood into adulthood. In Study 1 (N = 2,764 offspring and their parents), parental psychiatric status, offspring personality at age 11, and age 11 offspring internalizing and externalizing symptoms predicted the subsequent development of MDD, as did poor quality parent–child relationships, poor academic functioning, early pubertal development, and childhood maltreatment by age 11. Parental MDD and adult antisocial behavior, offspring negative emotionality and disconstraint, externalizing symptoms, and childhood maltreatment predicted an earlier onset of MDD, after accounting for course; lower positive emotionality, trait anxiety, and childhood maltreatment predicted recurrent MDD, after accounting for age of onset. In Study 2 (N = 7,146), we examined molecular genetic risk for MDD by extending recent reports of associations with glutamatergic system genes. We failed to confirm associations with MDD using either individual single nucleotide polymorphism based tests or gene-based analyses. Overall, results speak to the pervasiveness of risk for MDD, as well as specific risk for early onset MDD; risk for recurrent MDD appears to be largely a function of its often earlier onset.

Type
Regular Articles
Information
Development and Psychopathology , Volume 26 , Special Issue 4pt2: Multilevel Developmental Perspectives Toward Understanding Internalizing Psychopathology: Current Research and Future Directions , November 2014 , pp. 1477 - 1493
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2014 

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