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CAN'T BUY ME WHITENESS

New Lessons from the Titanic on Race, Ethnicity, and Health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 November 2008

Jay A. Pearson
Jay A. Pearson*
Affiliation:
Population Studies Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan
*
Jay A. Pearson, Research Affiliate, Population Studies Center, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248. E-mail: japearso@umich.edu
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Abstract

A basic tenet of public health is that there is a robust relationship between socioeconomic status and health. Researchers widely accept that persons at average or median levels of socioeconomic status have better health compared to those at lower levels—with a detectable, if diminishing, gradient at even higher levels of socioeconomic status. The research on which this tenet is based, however, focuses largely on Whites, especially on White men. Yet according to the full range of extant findings, the magnitude and in some cases the direction of this relationship vary considerably for other demographic groups.

I argue that the failure to clearly qualify study conclusions when they are restricted to the study of Whites impedes our understanding of the varying relationship between socioeconomic status and health for different demographic groups. Such an impediment is particularly harmful when considering health inequalities among populations defined by race and ethnicity. Frameworks and models based on traditional socioeconomic measures may mask heterogeneity, overestimate the benefits of material resources, underestimate psychosocial and physical health costs of resource acquisition for some groups, and overlook the value of alternative sociocultural orientations. These missed opportunities have grave consequences: large racial/ethnic health disparities persist while the health disadvantages of Black Americans continue to grow in key aspects. A new knowledge base is needed if racial/ethnic health disparities are to be eliminated, including new guiding theoretical frameworks, reinterpretations of existing research, and new empirical research. This article aims to initiate discussion on all three dimensions.

Keywords

RaceEthnicityIdentityHealth DisparitiesSocial Inequalities
Type
STATE OF THE DISCIPLINE
Information
Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race , Volume 5 , Issue 1 , Spring 2008 , pp. 27 - 47
Copyright
Copyright © W.E.B. Du Bois Institute for African and African American Research 2008

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