Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-7cvxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T21:36:12.723Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

THE HEDYOTIS–OLDENLANDIA–KOHAUTIA COMPLEX (RUBIACEAE) IN NEPAL: A STUDY OF FRUIT, SEED AND POLLEN CHARACTERS AND THEIR TAXONOMIC SIGNIFICANCE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2009

S. Neupane ,
S. Dessein  and
T. J. Motley
S. Neupane
Affiliation:
Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal. Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 45th Street, 110 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529-0266, USA. E-mail: sneup003@odu.edu
S. Dessein
Affiliation:
National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Domein van Bouchout, 1860 Meise, Belgium.
T. J. Motley
Affiliation:
Department of Biological Sciences, Old Dominion University, 45th Street, 110 Mills Godwin Building, Norfolk, VA 23529-0266, USA.
Get access

Abstract

Pollen and seed characters of 12 Nepalese representatives of the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia–Kohautia complex (Spermacoceae s.l.; Rubiaceae) were investigated morphologically using scanning electron and light microscopy. The members of the complex were found to show remarkable variation in fruit, seed and pollen features. Pollen grains were all colporate with the aperture number varying from 3–4 to occasionally 5. The ectoaperture was a colpus, and the endoaperture was an endocingulum, a lalongate endocolpus or an endocolpus combined with an annulus around the mesoporus. Sexine ornamentation was variable, being perforate, reticulate or microreticulate. Three species were found to have a double reticulum. Supratectal elements were generally absent, but sometimes muri were beset with granules. Seeds were numerous per capsule, small and non-crateriform. Three types of seed were distinguished based on shape: (1) lenticular with a narrow wing-like margin, (2) trigonous, and (3) globose/subglobose. Trigonous seeds exhibited marked variation in colour, size and shape. On the basis of the pollen and seed characters, used in combination with the type of fruit dehiscence, five natural groups are identified for Nepalese taxa. The generic status of Hedyotis, Oldenlandia and Kohautia is maintained but some species are transferred from Hedyotis to Oldenlandia. Pollen and seed morphology, together with the type of fruit dehiscence, proved to be helpful in delimiting supra- and infrageneric groups within the Hedyotis–Oldenlandia–Kohautia complex.

Keywords

HedyotisKohautiamorphologyOldenlandiapalynologyplant systematicsRubiaceaeseedSpermacoceaetaxonomytypification
Type
Articles
Information
Edinburgh Journal of Botany , Volume 66 , Issue 3 , November 2009 , pp. 371 - 390
Copyright
Copyright © Trustees of the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Anderson, W. R. (1973). A morphological hypothesis for the origin of heterostyly in the Rubiaceae. Taxon 22: 537–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, L. & Rova, J. H. E. (1999). The rps16 intron and the phylogeny of the Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 214: 161–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andersson, L., Rova, J. H. E. & Alzate Guarin, F. (2002). Relationships, circumscription, and biogeography of Arcytophyllum (Rubiaceae) based on evidence from cpDNA. Brittonia 54: 40–49.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Babu, C. R. (1971). Thecagonum Babu: a new generic name in Rubiaceae. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 11(1–2): 213–214.Google Scholar
Bremekamp, C. E. B. (1952). The African species of Oldenlandia L. sensu Hiern and K. Schumann. Verh. Kon. Akad. Wetensch. Afd. Natuurk., Sect. 2 48: 1–297.Google Scholar
Bremekamp, C. E. B. (1966). Remarks on the position, the delimitation and the subdivision of the Rubiaceae. Acta Bot. Neerl. 15: 1–33.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bremer, B. (1996). Phylogenetic studies within Rubiaceae and relationships to other families based on molecular data. Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 33–50.Google Scholar
Bremer, B. & Manen, J. F. (2000). Phylogeny and classification of the subfamily Rubioideae (Rubiaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 225: 43–72.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Candolle, A. P. de (1830). Rubiaceae, Hedyoteae. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 4: 419–439. Paris: Treuttel and Wurtz.Google Scholar
Chamisso, A. & Schlechtendal, D. von (1829). Hedyotideae. In: De plantis in expeditione speculatoria Romanzoffiana observatis. Linnaea 4: 1–596.Google Scholar
Church, S. A. (2003). Molecular phylogenetics of Houstonia (Rubiaceae): descending aneuploidy and breeding system evolution in the radiation of the lineage across North America. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 27: 223–238.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dessein, S. (2003). Systematic studies in the Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae). PhD thesis, Katholieke University, Leuven, Belgium.Google Scholar
Dessein, S., Ochoterena, H., De Block, P., Lens, F., Robbrecht, E., Schols, P. et al. . (2005). Palynological characters and their phylogenetic signal in Rubiaceae. Bot. Rev. 71: 354–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dutta, R. & Deb, D. B. (2004). Taxonomic Revision of Hedyotis L. (Rubiaceae) in Indian Subcontinent. Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India.Google Scholar
Erdtman, G. (1966). Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. New York and London: Hafner Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Erdtman, G. (1969). Handbook of Palynology: An Introduction to the Study of Pollen Grains and Spores. Copenhagen: Munksgaard.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Govaerts, R., Ruhsam, M., Andersson, L., Robbrecht, E., Bridson, D., Davis, A. et al. . (2006). World Checklist of Rubiaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. http://www.kew.org/wcsp/rubiaceae/, accessed 9 December 2008.Google Scholar
Gray, A. (1859). Hedyoteae. Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 312–318.Google Scholar
Groeninckx, I., Dessein, S., Ochoterena, H., Persson, C., Motley, T. J., Kårehed, J. et al. . (2009). Phylogeny of the herbaceous tribe Spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) based on plastid DNA data. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 96(1): 109–132.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Halford, D. A. (1992). Review of the genus Oldenlandia L. (Rubiaceae) and related genera in Australia. Austrobaileya 3: 683–722.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hooker, J. D. (1873). Ordo LXXXIV. Rubiaceae. In: Bentham, G. & Hooker, J. D. (eds) Genera plantarum ad exemplaria imprimis in herbariis kewensibus servata defirmata, pp. 7–151. London.Google Scholar
Hooker, J. D. (1880). Rubiaceae, Hedyotis and Oldenlandia. Flora of British India 3: 49–70. London: L. Reeve and Co.Google Scholar
Jansen, S., Dessein, S., Piesschaert, F., Robbrecht, E. & Smets, E. (2000). Aluminium accumulation in leaves of Rubiaceae: systematic and phylogenetic implications. Ann. Bot. 85: 91–101.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarvis, C. E. (1992). Seventy-two proposals for the conservation of types of selected Linnaean generic names, the report of Subcommittee 3C on the lectotypification of Linnaean generic names. Taxon 41: 552–583.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kårehed, J., Groeninckx, I., Dessein, S., Motley, T. J. & Bremer, B. (2008). The phylogenetic utility of chloroplast and nuclear DNA markers and the phylogeny of the Rubiaceae tribe Spermacoceae. Molec. Phylogenet. Evol. 49: 843–866.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamarck, J. B. A. P. M. de (1792). Hedyotis. Tabl. Encycl. 1: 269–272.Google Scholar
Lewis, W. H. (1962). Phylogenetic study of Hedyotis (Rubiaceae) in North America. Amer. J. Bot. 49: 855–865.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, W. H. (1965a). Pollen morphology and evolution in Hedyotis subgenus Edrisia (Rubiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 52(3): 257–264.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lewis, W. H. (1965b). Cytopalynological study of African Hedyotideae (Rubiaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 52: 182–211.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1753). Hedyotis and Oldenlandia. Species Plantarum 1: 101–110. Stockholm.Google Scholar
Linnaeus, C. (1754). Hedyotis. Genera Plantarum ed. 5: 44. Stockholm.Google Scholar
McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Hawksworth, D. L., Marhold, K. et al. . (eds) (2006). International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Vienna Code) adopted by the Seventeenth International Botanical Congress, Vienna, Austria, July 2005. Ruggell: A. R. G. Gantner Verlag KG [Regnum Veg. vol. 146].Google Scholar
Mill, R. R. (1999). Hedyotis, Oldenlandia, Kohautia. In: Grierson, A. J. C. & Long, D. G. (eds) Flora of Bhutan 2: 757–772. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Royal Government of Bhutan.Google Scholar
Neupane, S. (2006). Taxonomy of Hedyotis –Oldenlandia–Kohautia complex (Rubiaceae) in Nepal. Master's dissertation, Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.Google Scholar
Punt, W., Hoen, P. P., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S. & Le Thomas, A. (2007). Glossary of Pollen and Spore Terminology. LPP Foundation, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. http://www3.bio.uu.nl/palaeo/glossary/glos-int.htm, accessed 6 April 2009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reitsma, T. (1969). Size modifications of recent pollen grains under different treatments. Rev. Paleobot. Palynol. 9: 175–202.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ridsdale, C. E. (1998). Rubiaceae, Tribe Hedyotideae. In: Dassanayake, M. D. (ed.) A Revised Handbook to the Flora of Ceylon 12: 236–284. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.Google Scholar
Robbrecht, E. (1988). Tropical woody Rubiaceae: Characteristic features and progressions: Contributions to a new subfamilial classification. Opera Bot. Belg. 1: 1–272.Google Scholar
Roxburgh, W. (1820). Hedyotis and Oldenlandia. Flora Indica 1: 368–446. Serampore: Mission Press.Google Scholar
Santapau, H. & Wagh, S. K. (1964). Nomenclatural changes in Indian plants. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 5: 105–109.Google Scholar
Schumann, K. (1891). Rubiaceae. In: Engler, A. & Prantl, K. (eds) Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, pp. 1–156. Leipzig: Engelmann.Google Scholar
Stearn, W. T. (1966). Botanical Latin. London: Nelson.Google Scholar
Terrell, E. E. (1975). Relationships of Hedyotis fruticosa L. to Houstonia L. and Oldenlandia L. Phytologia 31: 418–424.Google Scholar
Terrell, E. E. (1991). Overview and annotated list of North American species of Hedyotis, Houstonia, Oldenlandia (Rubiaceae), and related genera. Phytologia 71(3): 211–243.Google Scholar
Terrell, E. E. (1996). Revision of Houstonia (Rubiaceae–Hedyotideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 48: 1–118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Terrell, E. E. (2001a). Taxonomy of Stenaria (Rubiaceae: Hedyotideae), a new genus including Hedyotis nigricans. Sida 19: 591–614.Google Scholar
Terrell, E. E. (2001b). Stenotis (Rubiaceae), a new segregate genus from Baja California, Mexico. Sida 19: 899–911.Google Scholar
Terrell, E. E. (2001c). Taxonomic review of Houstonia acerosa and H. palmeri, with notes on Hedyotis and Oldenlandia (Rubiaceae). Sida 19: 913–922.Google Scholar
Terrell, E. E., Lewis, W. H., Robinson, H. & Nowicke, J. W. (1986). Phylogenetic implications of diverse seed types, chromosome numbers and pollen morphology in Houstonia (Rubiaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 73(1): 103–115.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Terrell, E. E. & Wunderlin, R. P. (2002). Seed and fruit characters in selected Spermacoceae and comparison with Hedyotideae (Rubiaceae). Sida 20: 549–557.Google Scholar
Terrell, E. E. & Robinson, H. (2003). Survey of Asian and Pacific species of Hedyotis and Exallage (Rubiaceae) with nomenclature notes on Hedyotis types. Taxon 52: 775–782.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torrey, J. & Gray, A. (1841). Hedyotideae. A Flora of North America 2: 37–43. New York: Wiley and Putman.Google Scholar
Verdcourt, B. (1958). Remarks on the classification of the Rubiaceae. Bull. Jard. Bot. État Bruxelles 28: 209–290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdcourt, B. (1976). Rubiaceae (Part 1), Oldenlandia. In: Polhill, R. M. (ed.) Flora of Tropical East Africa, pp. 268–315. London: Crown Agents.Google Scholar
Wight, R. & Arnott, G. A. W. (1834). Hedyotis. Prodromus Florae Peninsulae Indiae Orientalis 1: 405–418. London: Parbury, Allen, & Co.Google Scholar
Willdenow, C. L. (1798). Hedyotis. Species Plantarum 1: 566. Berlin: G. C. Nauk.Google Scholar