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Mental Health Problems are Associated with Low-Frequency Fluctuations in Reaction Time in A Large General Population Sample. The TRAILS Study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

J.A. Bastiaansen ,
A.M. van Roon ,
J.K. Buitelaar  and
A.J. Oldehinkel
J.A. Bastiaansen*
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, CC72, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RBGroningen, The Netherlands
A.M. van Roon
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZGroningen, The Netherlands
J.K. Buitelaar
Affiliation:
Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, PO Box 9101, 6500 HBNijmegen, The Netherlands
A.J. Oldehinkel
Affiliation:
Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion regulation, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, CC72, PO Box 30.001, 9700 RBGroningen, The Netherlands
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +31 5 03 61 11 69; fax: +31 5 03 61 97 22. E-mail address:j.bastiaansen@umcg.nl (J.A. Bastiaansen).
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Abstract

Background:

Increased intra-subject reaction time variability (RT-ISV) as coarsely measured by the standard deviation (RT-SD) has been associated with many forms of psychopathology. Low-frequency RT fluctuations, which have been associated with intrinsic brain rhythms occurring approximately every 15–40 s, have been shown to add unique information for ADHD. In this study, we investigated whether these fluctuations also relate to attentional problems in the general population, and contribute to the two major domains of psychopathology: externalizing and internalizing problems.

Methods:

RT was monitored throughout a self-paced sustained attention task (duration: 9.1 ± 1.2 min) in a Dutch population cohort of young adults (n = 1455, mean age: 19.0 ± 0.6 years, 55.1% girls). To characterize temporal fluctuations in RT, we performed direct Fourier Transform on externally validated frequency bands based on frequency ranges of neuronal oscillations: Slow-5 (0.010–0.027 Hz), Slow-4 (0.027–0.073 Hz), and three additional higher frequency bands. Relative magnitude of Slow-4 fluctuations was the primary predictor in regression models for attentional, internalizing and externalizing problems (measured by the Adult Self-Report questionnaire). Additionally, stepwise regression models were created to investigate (a) whether Slow-4 significantly improved the prediction of problem behaviors beyond the RT-SD and (b) whether the other frequency bands provided important additional information.

Results:

The magnitude of Slow-4 fluctuations significantly predicted attentional and externalizing problems and even improved model fit after modeling RT-SD first (R2 change = 0.6%, P < .01). Subsequently, adding Slow-5 explained additional variance for externalizing problems (R2 change = 0.4%, P < .05). For internalizing problems, only RT-SD made a significant contribution to the regression model (R2 = 0.5%, P < .01), that is, none of the frequency bands provided additional information.

Conclusions:

Low-frequency RT fluctuations have added predictive value for attentional and externalizing, but not internalizing problems beyond global differences in variability. This study extends previous findings in clinical samples of children with ADHD to adolescents from the general population and demonstrates that deconstructing RT-ISV into temporal components can provide more distinctive information for different domains of psychopathology.

Keywords

AttentionIntra-individual variabilityFourier transformDefault modePsychopathology
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 30 , Issue 2 , February 2015 , pp. 347 - 353
Copyright
Copyright © Elsevier Masson SAS 2014

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Footnotes

1

Tel.: +31 5 03 61 20 97; fax: +31 5 03 61 33 12.

2

Tel.: +31 2 43 61 06 55.

3

Tel.: +31 5 03 61 45 50; fax: +31 5 03 61 97 22.

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