Antipsychotic Prescribing Practices Amongst the Elderly of St. James's Hospital (SJH), Dublin

Abstract

Introduction

Psychotic symptoms arise commonly in the context of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) in the elderly. While non-pharmacological interventions are preferable to manage such symptoms, antipsychotic medications are frequently used. This is largely unlicensed and associated with significant risks, particularly in dementia (1).

Objectives

To examine antipsychotic prescribing practices in SJH.

Methods

On 23rd February 2016 all inpatients aged over 65 who were prescribed antipsychotic medications were identified. Demographic and medical data were collected from medical and electronic notes and medication kardexes.

Results

Complete data were available for 53 of 59 identified cases. The cohort had a mean age of 80 (range 65–99) and 62% were male. Seventy-four percent (n = 39) had documented cognitive impairment or dementia. Fifty-eight percent (n = 31) were newly prescribed an antipsychotic following admission. The commonest indications for antipsychotics were: delirium (53%) and BPSD (25%). Haloperidol (56%), quetiapine (19%) and risperidone (8%) were prescribed most frequently. Non-pharmacological interventions were documented in 50% however in many cases it is not clear what these interventions were. Antipsychotic use was discussed with patients and/or next of kin in less than 25% of cases. Adverse effects were noted in 6/36 (17%) with equal incidence of falls, EPSEs and ECG changes.

Conclusion

Positive and negative aspects of current antipsychotic prescribing practices are highlighted. Antipsychotics were prescribed for a small number of patients for appropriate indications. However, there was poor consideration of non-pharmacological interventions and a lack of consultation with the patient/NOK. This may reflect, in part, inadequate medical documentation. A guideline needs to specifically address these areas of concern to improve safety and promote best practice.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.