Exercise addicts with injuries are in risk of depression

Abstract

Introduction

Exercise addiction is characterized by increasing exercise amounts, withdrawal symptoms and lack of control. Exercisers with addiction continue to exercise in spite of pain and injury because they use exercise to regulate emotions, identity and self-esteem. How do they react to injuries?

Objectives

It is hypothesized that exercise addiction is a risk factor for emotional distress when an injury occur due to withdrawal symptoms and lack of identity.

Aims

To estimate the prevalence of exercise addiction in exercisers with injuries at the musculoskeletal system and to test the relationship between addiction and emotional distress (depression and stress).

Methods

The Exercise Addiction Inventory was used to identify exercise addiction. To measure depression and stress we used the Major Depression Inventory (MDI) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Participants (n = 694) were regular exercisers with injuries at foot, knee or shoulder at an orthopedic hospital department.

Results

The prevalence of exercise addiction was 7.6%. We found that exercisers with addiction reported more emotional distress in terms of higher MDI-scores 18.0 (SD = 11.0) versus 11.7 (SD = 9.1); P = 0.00 and in total PSS-score 17.6 (SD = 7.2) versus 13.9 (SD = 6.8); P = 0.00. Chi² analyses showed that 25% of the addicted exercisers met the criteria for clinical depression, while only 11% of the non-addicted exercisers were depressed; P = 0.00.

Conclusions

Exercisers with addiction appear at somatic departments treating musculoskeletal injuries. It is a vulnerable group characterized by elevated levels of depressive symptoms and clinical stress. We recommend to offer psychological interventions focusing on emotional distress and prevention of re-injury by reducing excessive and obsessive exercise patterns.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.