Factors affecting restraint practices in psychiatric inpatient units: A sample from a mental health hospital in Turkey

Abstract

Introduction

New guidelines aimed to minimize restraint in psychiatry clinics due to ethical reasons.

Objectives

Further studies investigating factors affecting the decision of restraint and its potential benefits and harms are needed.

Aims

We aimed to determine current rates of restraint in psychiatric clinics and sociodemographic/clinical variables which may be related with restraint practices.

Methods

The study was conducted in 64-bed male and 28-bed female psychiatric inpatient units, between March 1–May 31 2015. Sociodemographic and clinical data forms were completed using case files and restraint records.

Results

In a total number of 481 inpatients (351 males, 130 females), number of restrained patients was 98 (20.3%) (90 (25.7%) males, 8 (6.2%) females). There was no significant difference in sociodemographic characteristics between restrained and unrestrained patients, but duration of the illness and electroconvulsive therapy rates were significantly different. Substance abuse (44.4%) was higher in restrained male patients. Also, restraint rates were higher in patients having a diagnosis of substance-related disorder compared to other diagnoses. Restraints occurred most commonly in the first day (48%) of hospitalization.

Conclusions

The studies carried out in psychiatric hospitals suggested major differences in the rates and types of restraints among different countries and institutions. In our study, a higher restraint rate is obtained compared to other studies. Consistently with the literature, substance abuse was higher in restrained patients, and restraints occurred most commonly in the first day of hospitalization. Many factors including substance abuse should be considered to reduce restraint rates, which are still quite high in mental health hospitals in Turkey.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.