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Gender differences in emotional and behavioral disorders and service use among adolescent smokers: A nationwide Israeli study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 April 2020

G. Shoval ,
I. Mansbach-Kleinfeld ,
I. Farbstein ,
R. Kanaaneh ,
A. Valevski ,
A. Apter ,
A. Weizman  and
G. Zalsman
G. Shoval*
Affiliation:
Adolescent Day Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, 1, Helsinki street, P.O. Box 102, 49100Petah Tiqva, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
I. Mansbach-Kleinfeld
Affiliation:
Mental Health Services, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
I. Farbstein
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ziv Hospital, Safed, Israel
R. Kanaaneh
Affiliation:
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ziv Hospital, Safed, Israel
A. Valevski
Affiliation:
Adolescent Day Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, 1, Helsinki street, P.O. Box 102, 49100Petah Tiqva, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
A. Apter
Affiliation:
Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Schneider Center for Children in Israel, Petach Tiqva, Israel
A. Weizman
Affiliation:
Adolescent Day Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, 1, Helsinki street, P.O. Box 102, 49100Petah Tiqva, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
G. Zalsman
Affiliation:
Adolescent Day Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, 1, Helsinki street, P.O. Box 102, 49100Petah Tiqva, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel Division of Molecular Imaging and Neuropathology, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, USA
*
*Corresponding author. Tel.: +972 3 925 8440; fax: +972 3 925 8276. E-mail address:shovgal@tau.ac.il (G. Shoval).
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Abstract

Marked gender differences have been identified in cigarette smoking. In this study, we aimed to identify the gender-specific emotional and behavioral disorders among adolescent smokers and their consequent utilization of mental health services. We performed a nationwide survey study of an Israeli representative sample of 906 adolescents and their mothers. Mental disorders were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) Inventory. Levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mental health services use and smoking habits were also assessed. Among non-smoker adolescents there were significant gender differences in almost all SDQ scales: emotional problems, pro-social, hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems, whereas in the smoker group there was a difference only in the SDQ emotional problems scale (both self- and maternal-rated, P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). Only marginal difference was noted between males and females in help-seeking for emotional or behavioral problems. Over 50% of both male and female smokers in the study had untreated mental disorders (non-significant gender difference). The well-established gender differences in psychiatric symptomatology narrowed markedly in adolescent smokers; the typical gender difference in disruptive behaviors was lost in the adolescent smoking population. The implications of these findings are particularly relevant to developing more effective gender-specific programs to prevent youth smoking, to facilitate quitting and prepare primary care practitioners to identify mental disorders and behavioral problems in adolescents with a smoking history.

Keywords

SmokingDepressionAdolescentServicesSubstance abuseGender
Type
Original article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 28 , Issue 7 , September 2013 , pp. 397 - 403
Copyright
Copyright © European Psychiatric Association

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