Pain Perception in Children with Autism (Prospective Study of 40 Cases)

Abstract

Introduction

Recent studies show a different mode of expression of pain associated with disorders of verbal and nonverbal communication, body schema and some cognitive impairment in autistic children.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the reactivity of an autistic child in a slightly painful stimulation in a standardized situation where there is a dual relationship with an adult.

Methods

We conducted a study, on 40 children with autism. The diagnosis of autism was established following a multidisciplinary assessment including scale ADIR (Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised) and ADOS (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule). Severity of autism was assessed by the CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale). All subjects were submitted to a pinch with a clothespin camouflaged by the palm of the hand of the examiner. The reactivity to pain was assessed by the NCCPC (Non-communicating children's pain checklist).

Results

All children have responded to pain, 57.5% had moderate to severe pain and 42.5% had mild pain. The evaluation of the expression of pain according to the items of the NCCPC showed that 95% of children responded with motor responses, 90% responded with vocal productions, only half of the children (55%) presented facial expressions and 12. 5% of the children showed physiological indices. The analysis of the type of motor and vocal reactions was not moving toward pain in almost all children (removal or protection of the area of the body affected, the precise location of the painful area are almost absent in our sample).

Conclusion

These results are in favor of a different mode of expression of pain in children with autism.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.