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Reappraisal of the association between the DRD2 gene, alcoholism and addiction

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 April 2020

P. Gorwood ,
P. Batel ,
L. Gouya ,
F. Courtois ,
J. Feingold  and
J. Adès
P. Gorwood*
Affiliation:
Laboratory of genetics epidemiology (INSERM Unit 155), Paris, France Psychiatric department, Biochemistry laboratory, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92701, Colombes, France
P. Batel
Affiliation:
Unité de Traitement Ambulatoire des Malades Alcooliques,’ ‘Centre de Transfusion Sanguine,’ Hospital Beaujon, Paris, France
L. Gouya
Affiliation:
Biochemistry laboratory (Fédération de biologie Moléculaire, INSERM Unité 409), Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92701, Colombes, France
F. Courtois
Affiliation:
‘Centre de Transfusion Sanguine,’ Hospital Beaujon (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
J. Feingold
Affiliation:
Laboratory of genetics epidemiology (INSERM Unit 155), Paris, France
J. Adès
Affiliation:
Psychiatric department, Biochemistry laboratory, Hospital Louis Mourier, 178 rue des Renouillers, 92701, Colombes, France
*
*Correspondence and reprints: Philip Gorwood M.D., Ph.D. (CNRS UMR 7593), Service de psychiatrie adulte du Professeur Adès, Hôpital Louis Mourier, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92701 Colombes cedex, France
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Summary

We analysed the impact of the TaqI A1 allele of the D2 dopamine receptor gene on the risk for alcoholism, trying to depict three explanations frequently proposed to explain discrepancies in association and linkage studies: that the A1 allele may act as a marker rather than as a vulnerability factor, that stratification biases and unevaluated controls may explain positive results, and that the A1 allele is modifying the phenotype rather than increasing the risk for alcoholism. We thus tested another (dinucleotide STRP) marker within the DRD2 gene, selected a new homogenous sample of 113 alcoholic patients and 49 unaffected controls strictly matched for ethnic origins, and systematically assessed both samples with a semi-structured interview to detect (in both samples) alcohol dependence, but also such related traits as specificities of complications.

The frequency of the A1 allele was not significantly different between alcoholics and controls but when comparing different subgroups of alcoholics, the A1 allele was significantly more frequent in alcoholic patients with somatic complications (OR = 3.00, CI[1.37-6.62]), social and professional complications (OR = 2.72, CI[1.25-5.90]), or with co-morbid dependence (OR = 2.88, 95% IC [1.16-7.15]). The association for co-morbid dependence and somatic complications was also positive when taking into consideration both STRP and TaqIA polymorphisms.

The A1 allele does not increase the risk for alcoholism per se in our sample, but may be involved in a related trait which is partially dependent on the diagnosis of alcoholism, through a disequilibrium with another close mutation.

Keywords

A1 allelecomplicationsdependencegenetics
Type
Original Article
Information
European Psychiatry , Volume 15 , Issue 2 , March 2000 , pp. 90 - 96
Copyright
Copyright © Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS 2000

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