Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-28T20:27:06.152Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Role of small-scale dairy production systems in central Mexico in reducing rural poverty

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 October 2022

Mónica Elizama Ruiz-Torres ,
Anastacio García-Martínez ,
Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán ,
Peter Dorward ,
Adolfo Armando Rayas-Amor  and
Carlos Galdino Martínez-García Open the ORCID record for Carlos Galdino Martínez-García [Opens in a new window]
Mónica Elizama Ruiz-Torres
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus el Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, México
Anastacio García-Martínez
Affiliation:
Centro Universitario Temascaltepec-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Km 67.5 carretera Toluca, Tejupilco, C.P. 51300, México
Carlos Manuel Arriaga-Jordán
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus el Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, México
Peter Dorward
Affiliation:
School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, PO Box 237, Reading RG6 6AR, UK
Adolfo Armando Rayas-Amor
Affiliation:
División de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud, Departamento de Ciencias de la Alimentación-Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma. Av. Hidalgo poniente No. 46 Colonia la Estación, 52006, Lerma de Villada, Estado de México, México
Carlos Galdino Martínez-García*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales-Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Campus el Cerrillo Piedras Blancas, Toluca, Estado de México, C.P. 50090, México
*
*Corresponding author. Email: cgmartinezg@uaemex.mx
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze the role of small-scale dairy farms in central Mexico in combating rural poverty from a gender perspective. Specifically, it was determined whether these production systems generated sufficient income for alleviating poverty and purchasing the basic food basket. Two hundred and twelve farmers were selected through snowball sampling. To maintain a gender perspective, female-headed farms were considered as an independent group, and male-headed farms were grouped according to multivariate statistics. Two official indicators of poverty were considered in the economic analysis: income and the extreme poverty line. Factor analysis identified four factors that explained 66.10% of accumulated variance. The cluster analysis identified five groups of farms headed by males. Then, a comparative analysis was carried out for the six groups, including the female-headed group (FG). The economic analysis revealed that, if 52% of income are production costs, groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 generated sufficient gross income to purchase the basic food basket to the household of the area. However, the FG and group 5 did not generate sufficient gross income to purchase the food basket. In contrast, if 70% of income are productions costs, only groups 1 and 4 generated sufficient gross income. It can be concluded that small-scale dairy farms generate sufficient daily income under certain conditions for the purchase of the basic food basket and, therefore, help to fight poverty in rural families, especially in groups 1 and 4. In the case of the FG and groups 2, 3, and 5, dairy production along with the diversification of productive activities and backyard activities supports the livelihoods of rural families. It is recommended that existing gender norms be further explored because these could directly influence the motivation of farmers, particularly female producers, to adopt or reject agricultural and livestock technologies.

Keywords

Food securityRural developmentFemale-headed farms
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 58 , 2022 , e40
Check for updates
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bain, C., Ransom, E. and Halimatusa’diyah, I. (2018). Weak winners’ of women’s empowerment: the gendered effects of dairy livestock assets on time poverty in Uganda. Journal of Rural Studies 61, 100–109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.03.004 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Banco de México (2019). Portal Mercado Cambiario. Available at http://www.anterior.banxico.org.mx/portal-mercado-cambiario/ (accessed 15 July 2019).Google Scholar
Broman, K.W. and Woo, K.H. (2018). Data organization in spreadsheets. The American Statistician 72, 2–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/00031305.2017.1375989 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheng, X., Shuai, C., Wang, J., Li, W., Shuai, J. and Liu, Y. (2018). Building a sustainable development model for China’s poverty-stricken reservoir regions based on system dynamics. Journal of Cleaner Production 176, 535–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.068 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crespo, J., Réquier-Desjardins, D. and Vicente, J. (2014). Why can collective actions fail in Local Agri-food Systems? A social network analysis of cheese producers in Aculco, Mexico. Food Policy 46, 165–177. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.foodpol.2014.03.011 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
CONEVAL (2019). Medición de la Pobreza. Available at https://www.coneval.org.mx/Medicion/MP/Paginas/Lineas-de-bienestar-y-canasta-basica.aspx (accessed 30 May 2019).Google Scholar
Di Pillo, F., Anríquez, G., Alarcón, P., Jímenez-Bluhm, G.P., Nieto, V., Schultz-Cherry, S. and Hamilton-West, C. (2019). Backyard poultry production in Chile: animal health management and contribution to food access in an upper middle-income country. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 164, 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2019.01.008 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Donkor, E., Onakuse, S., Bogue, J. and de los Rios, C. (2019). Fertiliser adoption and sustainable rural livelihood improvement in Nigeria. Land Use Policy 88, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104193 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dorward, A., Anderson, S., Nava, Y., Sánchez, E., Rushton, J., Pattison, J. and Paz, R. (2009). Hanging in, stepping up and stepping out: livelihood aspirations and strategies of the poor. Development in Practice 19, 240–247. https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520802689535 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Espinoza-Ortega, A., Espinosa-Ayala, E., Bastida-López, J., Castañeda-Martínez, T. and Arriaga-Jordán, C.M. (2007). Small-scale dairy farming in the highlands of Central Mexico: technical, economic and social aspects and their impact on poverty. Experimental Agriculture 43, 241–256. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479706004613 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
FAO (2019). La agricultura familiar en la seguridad alimentaria de América Latina y el Caribe. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y Agricultura. Available at http://www.fao.org/americas/noticias/ver/es/c/230328/ (accessed 7 August 2019).Google Scholar
FAO (2013). Notas sobre trabajo rural. Políticas de Mercado y pobreza rural. Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y Agricultura. http://www.fao.org/3/as105s/as105s.pdf (accessed 17 September 2019).Google Scholar
Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics, 4th Edn. London: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar
Guzmán-González, I., Santiago-Cruz, M.J., Leos-Rodríguez, J.A., González-López, G., Martínez-Damian, M. and Salas-González, J. (2005). El papel del empleo rural no agrícola en las comunidades rurales: un estudio de caso en Tepeji del Río, Hidalgo, México. Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo 2, 51–63.Google Scholar
Hair, J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J. and Anderson, R.E. (2018). Multivariate Data Analysis. 8th Edn. United Kingdom: CENGAGE.Google Scholar
Han, W., Zhang, X. and Zhang, Z. (2019). The role of land tenure security in promoting rural women´s empowerment: empirical evidence from rural China. Land Use Policy 86, 280–289. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holland, C. and Rammohan, A. (2019). Rural women’s empowerment and children´s food and nutritive security in Bangladesh. World Development 124, 1046–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.104648 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jarquín-Sánchez, N.H., Castellanos-Suárez, J.A. and Sangerman-Jarquín, D.M. (2017). Pluriactividad y agricultura familiar: retos del desarrollo rural en México. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas 8, 949–963. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v8i4.19 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juárez-Morales, M., Arriaga-Jordan, C.M., Sánchez-Vera, E., García-Villegas, J.D., Rayas-Amor, A., Rehman, T., Dorward, P. and Martínez-García, C.G. (2017). Factores que influyen en el uso de praderas cultivadas para la producción de leche en pequeña escala en el altiplano central mexicano. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Pecuarias 8, 317–324. http://dx.doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v8i3.4509 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kebebe, E. (2019). Bridging technology adoptions gaps in livestock sector in Ethiopia: a innovation system perspective. Technology in Society 57, 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.12.002 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuivanen, K.S., Alvarez, S., Michalscheck, M., Adjei-Nsiah, S., Descheemaeker, K., Mellon-Bedi, S. and Groot, J.C.J. (2016). Characterising the diversity of smallholder farming systems and their constrains and opportunities for innovation: a case of study from the Northern Region, Ghana. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Science 78, 153–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.njas.2016.04.003 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larson, J.B., Castellanos, P. and Jensen, L. (2019). Gender, household food security, and dietary diversity in western Honduras. Global Food Security 20, 170–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfs.2019.01.005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, E., Deng, Q. and Zhou, Y. (2019). Livelihood resilience and the generative mechanism of rural households out of poverty: an empirical analysis from Lankao County, Henan Province, China. Journal of Rural Studies, 93, 210–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.01.005 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Makate, C., Makate, M. and Mango, N. (2018). Farm household typology and adoption of climate-smart agriculture practices in smallholder farming systems of southern Africa. African Journal of Science, Technology, Innovation and Development 10, 421–439. https://doi.org/10.1080/20421338.2018.1471027 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Manly, B.F.J. and Navarro, A.J.A. (2017). Multivariate Statistical Methods: A Primer. 4th Edn. United States: Taylor and Francis Group, Chapman and Hall/CRC.Google Scholar
Martin, S. and Lorenzen, K. (2016). Livelihood diversification in Rural Laos. World Develoment 83, 231–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2016.01.018 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-García, C.G., Dorward, P. and Rehman, T. (2012). Farm and socioeconomic characteristics of smallholder milk producers and their influence on technology adoption in Central México. Tropical Animal Health and Production 44, 1199–1211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-0058-0 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-García, C.G., Ugoretz, S.J., Arriaga-Jordán, C.M. and Wattiaux, M.A. (2015a). Farm, household, and farmer characteristics associated with changes in management practices and technology adoption among dairy smallholders. Tropical Animal Health and Production 47, 311–316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0720-4 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martínez-García, C.G., Rayas-Amor, A.A., Anaya-Ortega, J.P., Martínez-Castañeda, F.E., Espinoza-Ortega, A., Prospero-Bernal, F. and Arriaga-Jordán, C.M. (2015b). Performance of small-scale dairy farms in the highlands of central Mexico during the dry season under traditional feeding strategies. Tropical Animal Health and Production 47, 331–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-014-0724-0 CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Martínez-García, C.G., Dorward, P. and Rehman, T. (2016). Factors influencing adoption of crop and forage related and animal husbandry technologies by small-scale dairy farmers in Central Mexico. Experimental Agriculture 52, 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S001447971400057X CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martínez-García, C.G., Arriaga-Jordán, C.M., Dorward P, Rehman, T. and Rayas-Amor, A.A. (2018). Using a socio-psychological model to identify and understand factors influencing the use and adoption of a successful innovation by small-scale dairy farmers of central Mexico. Experimental Agriculture 54, 142–159. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479716000703 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Micheels, E.T. and Nolan, J. (2016). Examining the effects of absorptive capacity and social capital on the adoption of agricultural innovations: a Canadian prairie case study. Agricultural Systems 145, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2016.03.010 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
ONU (2015). Transformar nuestro mundo: la agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible. Asamblea General-Organización de las Naciones Unidas. Available at https://unctad.org/meetings/es/SessionalDocuments/ares70d1_es.pdf (accessed 10 Jun 2019).Google Scholar
Padda, I.U.H. and Hameed, A. (2018). Estimating multidimensional poverty levels in rural Pakistan: A contribution to sustainable development policies. Journal of Cleaner Production 197, 435–442. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.05.224 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Palella Stracuzzi, S. and Martins Pestana, F. (2012). Metodología de la investigación cuantitativa, 3rd Edn. Venezuela: Fondo Editorial de la Universidad Pedagógica Experimental Libertador (FEDUPEL).Google Scholar
Pham, P., Doneys, P. and Doane, D.L. (2016). Changing livelihoods, gender roles and gender hierarchies: the impact of climate, regulatory and socio-economic changes on women and men in a Co Tu community in Vietnam. Women’s Studies International Forum 54, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2015.10.001 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prospero-Bernal, F., Martínez-García, C.G., Olea-Pérez, R., López-González, F. and Arriaga-Jordán, C.M. (2017). Intensive grazing and maize silage to enhance the sustainability of small-scale dairy systems in the Highlands of Mexico. Tropical Animal Health and Production 49, 1537–1544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-017-1360-2 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ransom, E. and Bain, C. (2011). Gendering agricultural aid an analysis of whether international development assistance targets women and gender. Gender and Society 25, 48–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243210392571 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
RMAFyC (2014). Propuesta para la reforma al campo en México. El campo como opción no como condena. Red Mexicana por la Agricultura Familiar y Campesina. Available at http://www.senado.gob.mx/comisiones/desarrollo_rural/docs/reforma_campo/2-V_4.pdf (accessed 8 August 2019).Google Scholar
Ruiz-Torres, M.E., Moctezuma-Pérez, S., Arriaga-Jordán, C.M. and Martínez-Castañeda, F.E. (2017). Espacios productivos y roles domésticos en granjas de leche en pequeña escala en México. Agricultura, Sociedad y Desarrollo 14, 367–381.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruiz-Torres, M.E., Arriaga-Jordán, C.M., Herrera-Tapia, F. and Martínez-Castañeda, F.E. (2013 ). La mujer lechera. Rol femenino en los sistemas de producción lechera de pequeña escala en Aculco, Estado de México. In Cavallotti-Vázquez, B. (ed), la Ganadería en la Seguridad Alimentaria de las familias campesinas. México: Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, pp. 211–216.Google Scholar
Sainz-Sánchez, P., López-González, F., Estrada-Flores, J.G., Martínez-García, C.G. and Arriaga-Jordán, C. (2014). Effect of stocking rate and supplementation on performance of dairy cows grazing native grasslands in small-scale systems in the Highlands of Central Mexico. Tropical Animal Health and Production 49, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-016-1178-3 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
SECTUR (2019). Pueblos Mágicos de México. Available at https://www.pueblosmexico.com.mx/ (accessed 27 March 2019).Google Scholar
Shinbrot, X.A., Wilkins, K., Gretzel, U. and Bowseer, G. (2019). Unlocking women’s sustainability leadership potential: perceptions of contributions and challenges for women in sustainable development. World Development 119, 120–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.03.009 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tyler, M. and Fairbrother, P. (2013). Bushfires are “men’s business”: the importance of gender and rural hegemonic masculinity. Journal of Rural Studies 30, 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2013.01.002 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van Hulst, F.J. and Posthumus, H. (2016). Understanding (non-) adoption of conservation agriculture in Kenya using the reasoned action approach. Land Use Policy 56, 303–314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2016.03.002 CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vogt, W.P. and Johnson, B.R. (2016). Dictionary of Statistics and Methodology: A Non-Technical Guide for the Social Sciences. 5th Edn. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.Google Scholar