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Sesbania brown manuring improves soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice bread wheat and chickpea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 June 2021

Muhammad Farooq Open the ORCID record for Muhammad Farooq [Opens in a new window] ,
Naqib Ullah ,
Faisal Nadeem ,
Ahmad Nawaz  and
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Muhammad Farooq*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Oman Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, PerthWA 6001, Australia
Naqib Ullah
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38040, Pakistan
Faisal Nadeem
Affiliation:
Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), Central and West Asia (CWA), Satellite Town, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Ahmad Nawaz
Affiliation:
Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), Central and West Asia (CWA), Satellite Town, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
Kadambot H. M. Siddique
Affiliation:
The UWA Institute of Agriculture and School of Agriculture & Environment, The University of Western Australia, PerthWA 6001, Australia
*
*Corresponding author. Email: farooqcp@squ.edu.om
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Summary

Continuous rotation of rice with wheat in rice–wheat system has resulted in stagnant yields and reduced profit margins while deteriorating the soil health. Legume incorporation in existing rice–wheat rotations might be a viable option to improve soil health and productivity. We investigated the influence of puddled transplanted flooded rice and direct-seeded rice on weed dynamics, soil health, productivity, and profitability of post-rice wheat and chickpea grown under zero tillage and conventional tillage. The previous direct-seeded rice crop was either sown alone or intercropped with sesbania as brown manure. The experiment comprised different rice–wheat and rice–chickpea systems which had been in place for two years: with and without rice residue retention. The initial soil analysis indicated that the plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice had the lowest soil bulk density (17.2%) and highest soil porosity (19.3%). Zero tillage in wheat or chickpea in the plots previously cultivated with co-culture of sesbania and direct-seeded rice increased total soil organic carbon by 13–22% in both years. The plots with sesbania brown manuring in direct-seeded rice followed by zero till or conventional till wheat and the plots with direct-seeded rice followed by zero till wheat with rice residue retention recorded the greater concentrations of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium. Zero tillage in wheat and chickpea in post-rice sesbania brown manuring plots produced 41% and 43% more grain yield than those in the puddled transplanted flooded rice with conventional tillage and had the highest profitability. Overall, the rice–chickpea systems had better soil health and profitability than rice–wheat cropping systems. In conclusion, direct-seeded rice intercropped with sesbania followed by wheat and chickpea under zero tillage suppressed weed flora and improved soil physical properties, nutrient availability, productivity, and profitability.

Keywords

Brown manuringWeed managementSoil propertiesLegume incorporationConservation agricultureSustainability
Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 57 , Issue 3 , June 2021 , pp. 145 - 162
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2021. Published by Cambridge University Press

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