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WATER AND NITROGEN-BALANCE AND -USE EFFICIENCY IN A RICE (ORYZA SATIVA)–WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM) CROPPING SYSTEM AS INFLUENCED BY MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS: FIELD AND SIMULATION STUDY

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2011

S. K. JALOTA ,
BHARAT BHUSHAN VASHISHT ,
HARSIMRAN KAUR ,
V. K. ARORA ,
K. K. VASHIST  and
K. S. DEOL
S. K. JALOTA
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
BHARAT BHUSHAN VASHISHT*
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
HARSIMRAN KAUR
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
V. K. ARORA
Affiliation:
Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
K. K. VASHIST
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
K. S. DEOL
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
*
‡Corresponding author. bharatpau@rediffmail.com
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Summary

The present study concerns identification of the most profitable and water and nitrogen use efficient best management practice (BMP) in a rice–wheat system using a combined approach of field experimentation and simulation. In the field study, two independent experiments, (1) effect of three transplanting/sowing dates, two cultivars and two irrigation regimes and (2) effect of four nitrogen (N) levels with four irrigation regimes, were conducted for two seasons of 2008–09 and 2009–10 at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India. Integrating the treatments of the two independent field experiments, simulations were run with the CropSyst model. The BMP demonstrated was transplanting of rice on 20 June and sowing of wheat on 5 November, irrigation to rice at 4-day drainage period and to wheat at irrigation water depth/Pan–E (open pan evaporation) ratio of 0.9, and fertilizer N of 150 kg ha−1 to each crop for medium-duration varieties. This practice gave higher profit (35%), equivalent rice yield (16%), crop water productivity (15%), irrigation water productivity (51%), economic water productivity (34%) and economic N productivity (94%) than the existing practice by the farmers. The improvement in crop water productivity by shifting the transplanting/sowing date was due to reduction in soil water evaporation and increased transpiration and fertilizer N productivity through increased N uptake.

Type
Research Article
Information
Experimental Agriculture , Volume 47 , Issue 4 , October 2011 , pp. 609 - 628
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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References

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