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Consensual Elements in German Criminal Procedural Law

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 March 2019

Folker Bittmann

Extract

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The aim of German criminal procedural law is not to convict the accused at any cost. Even a guilty party can only be convicted if the criminal procedure is held in accordance with the law. If this is not possible, the German legal system accepts the risk of possibly acquitting a guilty party; it finds this more tolerable than the irregular conviction of the culprit. A criminal procedure seeks the truth. Only on the basis of a judicial conviction of the crime and its culprit may a sentence be imposed. This, though, can only be based on the so-called procedural truth. On the one hand, the past can never be reconstructed precisely; on the other hand, clarification can only be found through legal means and by following designated paths allowed by procedural law. Therefore, further investigation must cease if it is only possible to proceed by violating procedural law.

Type
Research Article
Information
German Law Journal , Volume 15 , Issue 1: Special issue - Plea Bargains in Germany , 01 February 2014 , pp. 15 - 42
Copyright
Copyright © 2014 by German Law Journal GbR 

References

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146 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 4 StR 472/11, para. 3 (Nov. 8, 2011).Google Scholar

147 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 5 StR 520/11, para. 1 (Jan. 10, 2012). See Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 1 StR 28/12, para. 3 (Mar. 7, 2012) (for an example of the state of competition between multiple crimes).Google Scholar

148 BGH, Case No. 5 StR 423/12 at para. 143.Google Scholar

149 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 4 StR 620/09 (Feb. 2, 2010).Google Scholar

150 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 2 StR 86/11 (Apr. 14, 2011).Google Scholar

151 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 2 StR 16/10 (Feb. 17, 2010).Google Scholar

152 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 2 StR 371/10, para. 4(ff) (Sep. 29, 2010); BGH, Case No. 2 StR 16/10; Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 5 StR 419/10 (Oct. 27, 2010); Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main [Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main], Case No. 3 Ws 141/10 (Feb. 23, 2010), http://www.lareda.hessenrecht.hessen.de/.Google Scholar

153 BGH, Case No. 1 StR 359/10 at para. 7; Oberlandesgericht Celle [OLG Celle - Higher Regional Court of Celle], Case No. 1 Ws 381/11 (Sep. 27, 2011), http://www.rechtsprechung.niedersachsen.de/.Google Scholar

154 BGH, Case No. 1 StR 170/12 at para. 8(ff); OLG Düsseldorf, Case No. III-4 RVs 60/10 at para. 17; OLG Celle, Case No. 1 Ws 381/11 at para. 13.Google Scholar

155 OLG Celle, Case No. 1 Ws 381/11 at para. 16.Google Scholar

156 Bundesverwaltungsgericht [BVerwG - Federal Administrative Court] Case No. 2 BvR 1464/11 (Mar. 5, 2012), http://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/. See also Oberlandesgericht Zweibrücken [Higher Regional Court of Zweibrücken], Case No. 1 Ws 169/12, para. 10(ff) (July 31, 2012).Google Scholar

157 OLG Celle, Case No. 1 Ws 381/11 at paras. 10, 22(ff). The Federal Constitutional Court requires this.Google Scholar

158 Leaving open BGH, Case No. 5 StR 419/10 at para. 5, as promises by the prosecution only in regard to their own application neither are an evasion of § 257c German Code of Criminal Procedure nor likely suited to create confidence in an identical judicial decision.Google Scholar

159 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 3 StR 12/13, para. 1 (Feb. 5, 2013).Google Scholar

160 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 4 StR 637/09 (Apr. 1, 2010).Google Scholar

161 Oberlandesgericht Frankfurt am Main [Higher Regional Court of Frankfurt am Main], Case No. 3 Ws 538/10 (Oct. 26, 2010), http://www.lareda.hessenrecht.hessen.de/.Google Scholar

162 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 2 StR 31/10 (Mar. 31, 2010) (as already in a main trial ended before the Act on Plea Agreements came into force: Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 2 StR 441/09 (Oct. 28, 2009).Google Scholar

163 Leaving open BGH, Case No. 5 StR 419/10.Google Scholar

164 The Second Criminal Panel of the High Court of Justice therefore voiced doubts on whether a violation of § 257c of the German Code of Criminal Procedure can be contested by a party, who consciously took part in such an agreement and even condoned an incorrect recording. BGH, Case No. 2 StR 205/10.Google Scholar

165 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 4 StR 99/12, para. 9 (Dec. 13, 2012). See also BGH, Case No. 1 StR 28/12 at paras. 3, 5.Google Scholar

166 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 2 StR 277/12, para. 4 (Aug. 21, 2012) (leaving open BGH, Case No. 5 StR 159/10 at paras. 2, 6).Google Scholar

167 BGH, Case No. 2 StR 590/10 at para. 11(ff).Google Scholar

168 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 1 StR 3/10 (Feb. 4, 2010).Google Scholar

169 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 5 StR 74/10 (Mar. 25, 2010).Google Scholar

170 BGH, Case No. 4 StR 620/10.Google Scholar

171 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 3 StR 372/09 (Oct. 22, 2009).Google Scholar

172 Bundesgerichtshof [BGH - Federal Court of Justice], Case No. 4 StR 445/09 (Nov. 3, 2009).Google Scholar

173 BGH, Case No. 3 StR 226/10 at para. 15(ff); BGH, Case No. 5 StR 423/12 at para. 12.Google Scholar

174 BGH, Case No. 1 StR 400/10 at para. II(3).Google Scholar

175 BGH, Case No. 1 StR 359/10 at para. 8.Google Scholar

176 BGH, Case No. 5 StR 423/12 at paras. 16(ff), 18 (especially para. 18).Google Scholar