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The British Withdrawal from the Bagdad Railway Project in April 1903*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2009

Richard M. Francis
Richard M. Francis
Affiliation:
Department of International Politics, Aberystwyth
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Type
Communications
Information
The Historical Journal , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , March 1973 , pp. 168 - 178
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1973

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References

1 Earle, Vide E. M., Turkey, the Great Powers and the Bagdad Railway (New York, 1923), pp. 180–9;Google ScholarFeis, H., Europe, the World's Banker 1870–1914 (New Haven, 1930), pp. 348–53;Google ScholarHoffman, R. J., Great Britain and the German Trade Rivalry (Philadelphia, 1933), pp. 145–51;Google ScholarWolf, J. B., ‘ The Diplomatic History of the Bagdad Railroad ’, University of Missouri Studies, xi, no. 2 (1936), pp. 42–5;Google ScholarHale, O. J., Publicity and Diplomacy (Gloucester, Mass., 1940), pp. 260–3;Google ScholarChapman, M. K., Great Britain and the Bagdad Railway, 1888–1914 (Northampton, Mass., 1948), pp. 53–73, 204–10;Google ScholarCorrigan, H. S. W., ‘ British, French and German Interests in Asiatic Turkey, 1888–1914 ’ (unpublished London Ph.D. thesis, 1954), pp. 178–97.Google Scholar

2 Die Grosse Politik der Europäischen Kabinette 1871–1914 [G.P.], XVIII, 5227; Helfferich, K., Georg von Siemens (Berlin, 1923), III, 123–4; Memorandum by Sanderson and minutes by Lansdowne and Salisbury, 4 Jan. 1901, Foreign Office Correspondence, F.O. 78/5249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

3 7, 18 Mar., 10 Apr. 1902, F.O. 78/5322; Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/80; British Documents on the Origins of the War 1898–1914, ed. G. P. Gooch and H. Temperley [B.D.], 11, 204, 205; Memorandum by Lansdowne, 17 Mar. 1902, Secret Proceedings of the Foreign Depart, of the Govt. of India, F.D.S.P., 446, July 1902. Cited by Kumar, R., ‘ The Records of the Government of India on the Berlin-Bagdad Railway Question ’, Historical Journal (1962).Google Scholar

4 F.O. 78/5322, [B.D.], II, 214. The credibility of this memorandum is also questionable as Lansdowne acknowledged an international character for the line would prevent any danger arising from German control.

5 Memorandum by Lansdowne, 7 Mar. 1902, F.O. 78/5322; Lansdowne to Lascelles, 18 Mar. 1902 [B.D.], 11, 204; Lansdowne to Sir E. Monson, 19 Mar. 1902, Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/80; O'Conor to Lansdowne, 10 Apr. 1902 [B.D.], 11, 205; Minute by Lansdowne, 18 June 1902, F.O. 78/5322; memorandum by Lansdowne, 19 June 1902, Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/ 145/76/7; memorandum by Sir T. Sanderson, 23 Aug. 1902, Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/81; memorandum of Gwinner conversation and Dawkins to Lansdowne, 11, 12 Sept. 1902, Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/81/2; Lansdowne to Dawkins, 15 Sept. 1902, Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/ 82; Lansdowne to Cassel, 4 Feb. 1903, F.O. 78/5322, [B.D.], II, 206.

6 Memorandum by Lansdowne, 7 Mar. 1902, F.O. 78/5322; Lansdowne to Lascelles, 18 Mar. 1902, F.O. 78/5322, [B.D.], II, 204.

7 Memorandum by Dawkins, II Sept. 1902, Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/81/2.

8 Memorandum by Dawkins, II Sept. 1902, etc., Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/81/82/83.

9 Lansdowne to Cassel, 4 Feb. 1903, F.O. 78/5322, [B.D.], II, 206; Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/143/61/62; Dawkins to Curzon, 4 Mar. 1903, Curzon MSS EUR F.III/179/217.

10 Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/94; memorandum by Sanderson, 23 Feb. 1903, F.O. 78/5322, [B.D.], II, 207.

11 Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/94; Cranborne to Sandars, 17 Apr. 1903, Balfour MSS 49757, vide Appendix.

12 Cranborne to Sandars, 17 Apr. 1903, Balfour MSS 49757.

13 Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/249; Lord Newton, Lord Lansdowne (London, 1929), p. 254; Balfour to Devonshire, 27 Aug. 1903, Devonshire MSS, 340/2943; Lansdowne to Balfour, 17 Apr. 1903, St Loe Strachey MSS, Maxse envelope; Chirol to Strachey, 26, 29 Apr. 1903, St Loe Strachey Chirol envelope; Dawkins to Curzon, 26 Apr. 1903, Curzon MSS EUR F.III/179/223.Google Scholar

14 Lansdowne to Balfour, 12, 17 Apr. 1903, Balfour MSS 49728; Maxse to Strachey, 21 Apr. 1903; St Loe Strachey MSS, Maxse envelope; Chirol to Strachey, 26, 29 Apr. 1903, St Loe Strachey MSS, Chirol envelope.

15 Lansdowne to Balfour, 12 Apr. 1903, Balfour MSS 49728.

16 Memorandum by Austen Chamberlain on the events of 1903, ch. III, pp. 13–15, Joseph Chamberlain MSS, 1903 fiscal policy envelope; Beach, V. Hicks, The Life of Sir Michael Hicks Beach (London, 1932), II, 188–9;Google ScholarBalfour, F., Lord Balfour of Burleigh (London, 1925), p. 119Google Scholar

17 ‘…one wishes that some accident might throw us out - or at any events bring on a general election - so that the air might be cleared ’, 22 Apr. 1903, Mrs Chamberlain's 1903 correspondence, Joseph Chamberlain MSS; Curzon MSS EUR F.III/179/223.

18 Bagdad Railway 1903 envelope, J. Chamberlain MSS.

19 Cranborne to Sandars, 17 Apr. 1903, Balfour MSS 49757.

20 Bagdad Railway 1903 envelope, J. Chamberlain

21 J. Chamberlain MSS 7/4/1/4.

22 House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates, 4th ser., cxxx, 1247–8; Balfour MSS 49747, 7 Apr. 1903, notes; Hamilton MSS EUR D.510/14/22.

23 Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/116.

24 Curzon MSS EUR F.III/179/223; 22 Apr. 1903, F.O. 78/5322.

25 Chirol to Strachey, 26, 29 Apr. 1903, Chirol envelope, St Loe Strachey MSS; diary entry, 21 Apr. 1903, E. W. Hamilton MSS 48680; Curzon MSS EUR F.II/179/223; Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/116; Lansdowne to Revelstoke, 24 Apr. 1903, F.O. 78/5322.

26 22 Apr. 1903, F.O. 78/5322; Lansdowne MSS, F.O. 800/145/106.

27 House of Commons, Parliamentary Debates, 4th ser., CXXI, 222.

28 Lansdowne to O'Conor, 15 Dec. 1903, F.O. 78/5322 [B.D.], II, 224.