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Effect of antibiotic time-outs on modification of antibiotic prescriptions in nursing homes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2020

Chi-Yin Liao ,
David A. Nace ,
Christopher J. Crnich ,
Mozhdeh Bahrainian  and
James H. Ford II Open the ORCID record for James H. Ford II [Opens in a new window]
Chi-Yin Liao
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Social & Administrative Sciences Division, Madison, Wisconsin
David A. Nace
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Christopher J. Crnich
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin William S. Middleton Veterans’ Affairs Hospital, Madison, Wisconsin
Mozhdeh Bahrainian
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
James H. Ford II*
Affiliation:
University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Social & Administrative Sciences Division, Madison, Wisconsin
*
Author for correspondence: James H. Ford II, E-mail: jhfordii@wisc.edu
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Abstract

Background:

Antibiotic overuse and misuse is a common problem in nursing homes. Antibiotic time-out (ATO) interventions have led to improvements in antibiotic uses in hospitals, but their impact in nursing homes remain understudied.

Objective:

To evaluate the impact of a stewardship intervention, promoting use of ATOs on the frequency and types of antibiotic change events (ACEs) in nursing homes.

Design:

Controlled before-and-after intervention study.

Setting:

Nursing homes in Wisconsin and Pennsylvania.

Method:

Data on antibiotic prescriptions in 11 nursing homes were collected for 25 months. We categorized ACEs as (1) early discontinuation, (2) class modification, or (3) administration modification. Class modification ACEs were further classified based on whether the change narrowed, expanded, or had no effect on bacterial spectrum coverage. Analyses were performed using a difference-in-difference (DiD) approach.

Result:

Of 2,647 antibiotic events initiated in study nursing homes, 376 (14.2%) were associated with an ACE. The overall proportion of ACEs did not significantly differ between intervention and control nursing homes. Early discontinuation ACEs increased in intervention nursing homes (DiD, 2.5%; P = .01), primarily affecting residents initiated on broad-spectrum antibiotics (DiD, 2.9%; P < .01). Class modification ACEs decreased in intervention nursing homes but remained unchanged in control nursing homes.

Conclusion:

The impact of an ATO intervention in study nursing homes was mixed with increases in early discontinuation ACEs offset by reductions in class modification ACEs. More research on the potential value of ATO interventions in nursing homes is warranted.

Type
Original Article
Information
Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology , Volume 41 , Issue 6 , June 2020 , pp. 635 - 640
Copyright
© 2020 by The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America. All rights reserved.

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Footnotes

PREVIOUS PRESENTATION: Data from this study were presented at the ID Week conference on October 5, 2019, in Washington, DC.

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