Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gxg78 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T07:42:50.408Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Measurement method for characterizing a millimeter-wave traveling-wave power combiner using in-situ test accessories

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 August 2019

Honglei Sun Open the ORCID record for Honglei Sun [Opens in a new window] ,
Xiao-Wei Zhu Open the ORCID record for Xiao-Wei Zhu [Opens in a new window] ,
Xuesong Shi Open the ORCID record for Xuesong Shi [Opens in a new window]  and
Ruijia Liu Open the ORCID record for Ruijia Liu [Opens in a new window]
Honglei Sun
Affiliation:
School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Xiao-Wei Zhu
Affiliation:
School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Xuesong Shi
Affiliation:
School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Ruijia Liu
Affiliation:
School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This paper presents a novel assessment method that minimizes test-fixture-induced errors in non-coaxial power combiner measurement by extending the port reduction method. This method involves terminating certain ports to acquire the scattering matrix of an N-port network from the scattering matrix measured at a reduced port order. The entire DUT scattering matrix is obtained from multiple scanning measurements, which are taken from partial coaxial accessible ports, based on a set of configurable terminating states. This advantage is leveraged to exclude a major portion of coaxial launch structures that would otherwise be incorporated in the conventional multiport test fixture. An analogous concept here is applied to measure a waveguide traveling-wave power combiner. A sandwiched twin structure, containing a divider/combiner pair with certain auxiliary through-type components cushioned between them, is utilized to assess the combiner characteristics. A theoretical framework of the proposed method was established to test its potential precision. Thereafter, an in-situ implementation was conducted to test its practical application on a traveling-wave combined amplifier prototype operating at the Q-band (33–39 GHz).

Keywords

Microwave MeasurementsPassive components and circuitspower divider/combinermultiport networkmicrostrip structuresrectangular waveguideHigh RF-power amplifier
Type
Research Papers
Information
International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , February 2020 , pp. 48 - 57
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press and the European Microwave Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Dehos, C, González, JL, De Domenico, A, Ktenas, D and Dussopt, L (2014) Millimeter-wave access and backhauling: the solution to the exponential data traffic increase in 5 G mobile communications systems? IEEE Communications Magazine 52, 88–95.Google Scholar
2.Pi, Z, Choi, J and Heath, R (2016) Millimeter-wave gigabit broadband evolution toward 5G: fixed access and backhaul. IEEE Communications Magazine 54, 138–144.Google Scholar
3.Yu, CF and Chang, TH (2005) High-performance circular TE01-mode converter. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 53, 3794–3798.Google Scholar
4.Chang, TH, Li, CH, Wu, CN and Yu, CF (2010) Generating pure circular TEmn modes using Y-type power dividers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 58, 1543–1550.Google Scholar
5.Guo, L, Li, J, Huang, W, Shao, H and Ba, T (2017) A compact four-way power combiner. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 27, 239–241.Google Scholar
6.Guo, L, Li, J, Huang, W, Shao, H, Ba, T, Xie, S, Jiang, Y and Deng, G (2018) Design of compact high-isolation four-way power combiners. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 66, 2185–2198.Google Scholar
7.Zhang, B and Zirath, H (2016) A metallic 3-D printed E-band radio front end. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 26, 331–333.10.1109/LMWC.2016.2548982Google Scholar
8.Chan, KY, Ramer, R and Sorrentino, R (2018) Low-cost ku-band waveguide devices using 3-D printing and liquid metal filling. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 66, 1–9.Google Scholar
9.Ermolov, V, Lamminen, A, Saarilahti, J, Wälchli, B, Kantanen, M and Pursula, P (2018) Micromachining integration platform for sub-terahertz and terahertz systems. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 10, 651–659.Google Scholar
10.Martens, J (2009) Common adapter/fixture extraction techniques: sensitivities to calibration anomalies. 74th ARFTG Microwave Measurements Conference, Broomfield, CO.Google Scholar
11.Li, LA, Hilliard, BJ, Shafer, JR, Daggett, J, Dickman, EJ and Becker, JP (2008) A planar compatible traveling-wave waveguide-based power divider/combiner. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 56, 1889–1898.Google Scholar
12.Rolfes, I and Schiek, B (2005) Multiport method for the measurement of the scattering parameters of N-ports. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 53, 1990–1996.Google Scholar
13.Lonac, JA, Melczarsky, I and Paganelli, RP (2011) Simple method for characterizing linear multi-port microstrip structures. International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, 281–288.Google Scholar
14.Kam, DG and Kim, J (2007) Multiport measurement method using a two-port network analyzer with remaining ports unterminated. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 17, 694–696.Google Scholar
15.Chen, CJ and Chu, TH (2009) Measurement of noncoaxial multiport devices up to the intrinsic ports. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 57, 1230–1236.Google Scholar
16.Chen, CJ and Chu, TH (2011) Accuracy criterion for S-matrix reconstruction transforms on multiport networks. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 59, 2331–2339.Google Scholar
17.Jargon, JA, Arz, U and Williams, DF (2012) Characterizing WR-8 waveguide-to-CPW probes using two methods implemented within the NIST Uncertainty Framework. 80th ARFTG Microwave Measurements Conference, San Diego, CA.Google Scholar
18.Judaschke, RH (2011) Second-order waveguide calibration of a one-port vector network analyzer. 77th ARFTG Microwave Measurements Conference, Baltimore, MD.Google Scholar
19.Gupta, MS (1992) Degradation of power combining efficiency due to variability among signal sources. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 40, 1031–1034.Google Scholar
20.“PE45402 datasheet,” Pasternack, Irvine, CA, USA, rev. 1.4, 2018. [Online]. Available at https://www.pasternack.com/1.85mm-female-end-launch-pcb-connector-pe45402-p.aspx.Google Scholar
21.Drachman, BC and Cloud, MJ (2014) Inequalities: With Applications to Engineering, 2nd Edn. New York: Springer.Google Scholar
22.Moskowitz, MA and Paliogiannis, F (2011) Functions of Several Real Variables. Singapore: World Scientific.Google Scholar
23.Diaz, JB and Metcalf, FT (1964) Complementary inequalities. I: Inequalities complementary to Cauchy's inequality for sums of real numbers. Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 9, 59–74.Google Scholar
24.Mitrinovic, DS, Pecaric, J and Fink, AM (1993) Classical and New Inequalities in Analysis, vol. 61. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers.Google Scholar
25.Mongia, R, Bahl, I and Bhartia, P (1999) RF and Microwave Coupled-Line Circuits. Norwood, MA: Artech House.Google Scholar
26.Higha, NJ (2008) Functions of Matrices: Theory and Computation. Philadelphia: SIAM.Google Scholar
27.“MADT-011000-DIE datasheet,” Macom, Lowell, MA, USA, rev.V1, 2018 [Online]. Available at http://www.macom.com/products/product-detail/MADT-011000-DIE.Google Scholar
28.“R&S NRP-Z power sensor family specifications,” Rohde & Schwarz, Munich, Germany, Version 10.00, May 2014 [Online]. Available at https://www.rohde-schwarz.com/us/brochure-datasheet/nrpz/.Google Scholar
29.“ATN3580 Series Fixed Attenuator datasheet,” Woburn, MA, USA, 2018 [Online]. Available at http://www.skyworksinc.com/Products_Attenuators_FAP.aspx.Google Scholar
30.Stil, I, Fontana, AL, Lefranc, B, Navarrini, A, Serres, P and Schuster, KF (2012) Loss of WR10 waveguide across 70–116 GHz. In Proc. 22nd Int. Symp. Space Terahertz Technol., Tokyo, Japan, pp. 2–4.Google Scholar
31.D'Auria, M, Otter, WJ, Hazell, J, Gillatt, BT, Long-Collins, C, Ridler, NM and Lucyszyn, S (2015) 3-D printed metal-pipe rectangular waveguides. IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology 5, 1339–1349.Google Scholar
32.Samoska, LA (2011) An overview of solid-state integrated circuit amplifiers in the submillimeter-wave and THz regime. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology 1, 9–24.Google Scholar
33.Chu, QX, Kang, ZY, Wu, QS and Mo, DY (2013) An in-phase output Ka-band traveling-wave power divider/combiner using double ridge-waveguide couplers. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 61, 3247–3253.Google Scholar
34.Eshrah, IA, Kishk, AA, Yakovlev, AB and Glisson, AW (2006) Equivalent circuit model for a waveguide probe with application to DRA excitation. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, 1433–1441.Google Scholar
35.Jiang, X, Ortiz, SC and Mortazawi, A (2004) A Ka-band power amplifier based on the traveling-wave power-dividing/combining slotted-waveguide circuit. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 52, 633–639.Google Scholar
36.Pérez, JAG, Kosmopoulos, S and Goussetis, G (2017) A compact 12-way slotted waveguide power combiner for Ka-band applications. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 27, 135–137.Google Scholar