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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 10 March 2009
Over a number of centuries, philosophers, theologians, and other scientists have debated upon what is meant by a living person. The reverse — i.e., what is meant by a dead person — has not been considered so difficult to define. The questions of when life begins and when death takes place, and of what criteria should be applied in these connections, involve several difficult considerations — ethical, practical, and legal.