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Evaluation of Coffee Canopy Damage by Dirphya nigricornis Olivier (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

B. M. Khaemba
Affiliation:
Moi University, Department of Zoology, P.O. Box 3900, Eldoret, Kenya
F. M. E. Wanjala
Affiliation:
Coffee Research Foundation, P.O. Box 4, Ruiru, Kenya
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Abstract

Coffee canopy damage studies with the yellow-headed borer, Dirphya nigricornis Olivier were conducted on mature plants. Single borer infestation of the pest in coffee plantations were established. Age-induced destruction of the coffee canopy was evidenced by the withering of branches, stems and nodes and were correlated to larval developmental days 0–260. Larval frass excretion was immense being 16,214.91 and 12,076.90 g for female and male beetles, respectively and represented direct physical damage by the pest to plants. Analysis of accumulated data of physical measurement on coffee yield components in the three categories of canopy partitions relative to height of the stem above the ground showed that damage to plants by the pest adversely affected them. Generalized non-linear equations relating berries, pinheads, flowers and leaves (P = 0.05 to P = 0.001) to heights of canopy partition above ground level are described. The physical model developed approximates the responses of the canopy to infestation by the beetle, and shows that these were either depressed or enhanced depending on whether the yield components measured were in the bottom, mid or top partitions of the canopy. Threshold damage constants for leaves (0.34), berries (0.41), pinheads (1.54) and flowerbuds (1.07) which caused variability were established.

Résumé

Les études des dégâts faits a la canopie du café par un insect perceur à tâte jaune, Dirphya nigricornis Olivier, ont été faites sur les caféiers en plein maturité. Plusieurs infestations singulières, simulant les infestations des plantations du café dans les champs, ont été etablies. La déstruction de la canopie de café promue par l'âge était mise en évidence par le flétrissement des branches, troncs et nodosité et était en correlation avec la période du dévelopement larvaire (0–260 jours). Les excretions larvaires étaient immenses et représentaient directs dégâts physiques aux Caféiers par le peste. Des données accumulées des mésures physiques sur les composantes du rendement de café présentées en trois catégories des partitions de la canopie suivant le hauteur présent au dessus de la terre ont été analysisées en vue d'établir l'effet (s'ilyena) de la peste sur les mêmes données. Les équations non-linéaires relatant les baies, les tete d'épingle, les fleurs et les feuilles (P = 0,05 et P = 0,001) aux différent hauteurs de la partition de la canopie au dessus de la terre sont décrites. Le modèle physique dévelopé approxime les réactions de la canopie aux infestations par le coléoptère négativement ou positivement selon que les composantes du rendement mésurées se trouvent dans l'une des trois partitions de la canopie: bas, milieu et sommet. Seuil dommage constante étaient étabbies partout.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1988

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References

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