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Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) and Indian cassava mosaic virus transmission

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 September 2006

B. Antony ,
V.S. Lisha ,
M.S. Palaniswami ,
V.S. Sugunan ,
T. Makeshkumar  and
T.J. Henneberry
B. Antony*
Affiliation:
Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Trivandrum, 695 017, Kerala, India
V.S. Lisha
Affiliation:
Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Trivandrum, 695 017, Kerala, India
M.S. Palaniswami
Affiliation:
Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Trivandrum, 695 017, Kerala, India
V.S. Sugunan
Affiliation:
Rajiv Gandhi Center for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, 695 003, Kerala, India
T. Makeshkumar
Affiliation:
Division of Crop Protection, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Trivandrum, 695 017, Kerala, India
T.J. Henneberry
Affiliation:
Western Cotton Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Phoenix, Arizona 85040, USA
*
*E-mail: binuantony1@yahoo.co.in
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Abstract

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) adults from colonies reared on cassava or sweet potato plants were studied to determine their ability to transmit Indian cassava mosaic virus (ICMV) (Geminiviridae: Begomovirus) from cassava to cassava. Virus acquisition access (feeding) periods (AAP) of 48 h on ICMV-infected cassava leaves and 48-h virus inoculation access (feeding) periods on virus-free cassava seedling leaves were investigated. ICMV was successfully transmitted from cassava to cassava by whiteflies reared on cassava, but not whiteflies reared on sweet potato. Virus-specific primers were designed around conserved regions of the coat protein gene (CP) (771 bases) of the Trivandrum (Tri; GenBank accession number AF423180) isolate and used for virus detection in the whitefly vector after different AAP. The activities of the cyanide detoxifying enzymes rhodanese and β-cyanoalanine synthase in B. tabaci were evaluated and shown to be significantly higher in the cassava-reared whitefly population compared with the sweet potato-reared population suggesting a possible reason for higher mortality of the sweet potato strain feeding on cassava. Mating compatibility studies between cassava and sweet potato colony whiteflies resulted in production of fertile offspring with no evidence for reproductive isolation. Results confirm that only B. tabaci whiteflies reared on cassava transmit ICMV from cassava to cassava in India.

Résumé

Des adultes de Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) élevés sur des plants de manioc ou de patates douces ont été étudiés afin de déterminer leur capacité de transmission du virus de la mosaïque indienne du manioc (ICMV) (Geminiviridae: Begomovirus) du manioc au manioc. Nous avons étudié, pendant 48 h, la contamination de l'insecte à partir de feuilles de manioc contaminées et l'inoculation du virus à des jeunes plants sains de manioc. L'ICMV a été transmis avec succès par l'aleurode du manioc au manioc mais pas à partir de la patate douce. Des amorces spécifiques du virus ont été mises au point sur des régions préservées du gène de la protéine membranaire (CP) (771 bases) d'un isolat de Trivandrum (Tri; référence AF423180 de la banque de gènes) puis utilisées pour la détection du virus chez les aleurodes vecteurs après différents AAP. Les activités enzymatiques de détoxification du cyanure de la rhodanèse et de la β-cyanoalanine synthase chez B. tabaci ont été évaluées. Nous avons montré qu'elles étaient plus élevées chez les populations d'aleurodes élevées sur manioc que sur celles élevées sur patates douces, ce qui pourrait expliquer en partie la plus forte mortalité sur manioc des aleurodes provenant de la patate douce. Des croisements entre les deux souches d'aleurodes ont permis l'obtention de descendants fertiles indiquant l'absence d'isolement reproducteur. Nos résultats confirment que seuls les aleurodes élevés sur manioc peuvent transmettre l'ICMV du manioc au manioc en Inde.

Keywords

Bemisia tabacipopulation associée au maniocpopulation associée à la patate doucevirus de la mosaïque indienne du maniocrhodaneseβ-cyanoalanine synthaseBemisia tabacicassava-associated populationsweet potato-associated populationIndian cassava mosaic virusrhodaneseβ-cyanoalanine synthase
Type
Research Article
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 26 , Issue 3 , September 2006 , pp. 176 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2006

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