Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T15:07:09.928Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Biology of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Cool-Season Legumes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Melaku Wale ,
Bekele Jembere  and
Emiru Seyoum
Melaku Wale
Affiliation:
Adet Research Centre, P.O. Box 8, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
Bekele Jembere
Affiliation:
Science Faculty, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Emiru Seyoum
Affiliation:
Science Faculty, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Get access

Abstract

The biology of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), on four legumes (faba bean, field pea, lentil and grass pea) was studied in a greenhouse during the 1999/2000 seasons. There was no significant difference in length of nymphal period and number of moults (instars) among the crop species tested. The aphids generally took 9 to 11 days to reach the adult stage with a maximum of 3 moults. Lifespan was significantly longer on lentils than on other crops. Significantly more aphids survived beyond 15 days on lentil than on other crops. Similarly, the reproductive and post-reproductive period and adult longevity were longer on lentil. The pre-reproductive period was significantly higher on field pea than on the other crops. The net reproductive rate (R0) was highest on lentil (103.56 females /female) arid the intrinsic rate of increase (r) was highest on faba bean due to a short generation time (14.27 days). Generally, lifetime fecundity was higher on lentil (115.10/female) due to a higher daily reproduction rate (6.7 nymphs/female/day) on this crop. Nymphal production per aphid was strongly and positively correlated with lifespan, reproductive period and adult longevity but not of the nymphal period. Daily nymph production was significantly correlated with minimum temperature on lentil alone (F = 4.61, P < 0.05). Knowledge of the crop species and varieties susceptible to pea aphid is useful for identifying diets for the mass rearing of aphids for use in resistant variety selection and as diet for artificial natural enemy production. The present experiment indicates that lentil is suitable for both purposes.

Résumé

La biologie du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), sur quatre légumineuses (fève, pois fourrager, lentille et gesse) a été étudiée en serre pendant les saisons culturales 1999/2000. Il n'y avait aucune différence significative entre la durée de l'état nymphal et le nombre de mues (stades larvaires) de l'insecte au sein des espèces de plantes testées. Les pucerons ont généralement mis de 9 à 11 jours pour atteindre l'état imaginal, avec un maximum de 3 mues. La durée du cycle biologique était sensiblement plus longue sur lentille que sur les autres cultures. La plupart de pucerons ont survécu au delà de 15 jours sur lentille que sur les autres cultures. La période de reproduction et de post-reproduction, de mêeme que la longévité des adultes était plus longue sur lentille. La période d'avant-reproduction était sensiblement plus longue sur pois fourrager que sur les autres cultures. Le taux de reproduction nette (R0) était le plus élevé sur lentille (103,56 femelles/femelle) tandis que le taux d'accroissement intrinsèque (r) était le plus élevé sur fève, vu l'intervalle de temps court entre les générations (14,27 jours). D'une façon générale, l'intevalle de fécondité étaitplus long sur lentille (115,10/femelle) suite au taux quotidien plus élevé de reproduction (6,7 nymphes/femelle/jour), sur cette culture. Le nombre de nymphes par puceron était fortement et positivement corrélé avec le cycle biologique de l'insecte, la période de reproduction et la longévité de l'adulte, mais pas avec la durée de l'état nymphal. La production quotidienne de nymphes a été sensiblement corrélée avec la température minimale, seulement dans le cas de la lentille (F = 4,61, P. < 0,05). La connaissance d'espèces et variétés de plantes sensibles vis-à-vis du puceron du pois est utile lors de l'identification des médias pour l'élevage en masse des pucerons utilisés dans la sélection pour la résistante variétale ou comme milieu pour la production artificielle des ennemis naturels. Cette expérience indique que la lentille est mieux indiquée pour les deux finalités.

Keywords

pea aphidAcyrthosiphon pisumbiologynymphal stagelifespanlongevityfecundityfood legumespuceron du poisAcyrlhosiplion pisumbiologieétat nymphaldurée du cycle biologiquelongévitéféconditénourriture à base de légumineuses
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 20 , Issue 3 , September 2000 , pp. 171 - 180
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 2000

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Amare, A. and Addisu, B. (1998) Research on insect pests and diseases in North Shewa, pp. 140–155. In Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Attempts and Achievements in Northern Ethiopia (Edited by Beyene, S. and Abera, D.). Proceedings of the Fourth Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis Workshop, 18–21 March 1997, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1981) Pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). Insect Identification Sheet, Agriculture Canada, Ottawa. No. 51, 2 pp.Google Scholar
Archibald, R. D. (1979) Some observation on the hosts and distribution of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), during its establishment in New Zealand New Zealand Entomol. 7, 86.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Asfaw, T., Geletu, B. and Alem, B. (1994) Role of cool-season food legumes and their production constraints in Ethiopian agriculture, pp. 3–18. In Cool-Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia (Edited by Asfaw, T., Geletu, B., Saxena, M. C. and Solh, M. B.). Proceedings of the First National Cool-Season Food Legumes Review Conference, 16–20 December 1993, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Centre of Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA)/Institute of Agricultural Research. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.Google Scholar
Auclair, J. L. and Srivastava, P. N. (1972) Some mineral requirements of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae). Can. Entomol. 104, 927–936.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Auclair, J. L. and Srivastava, P. N. (1977) The distinctiveness of biotypes in some populations of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), in North America. Can. J. Zool. 55, 983–989.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bommarco, R. and Ekbom, B. (1996) Variation in pea aphid population development in three different habitats. Ecol. Entomol. 21, 235–240.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briese, D. T. (1988) Bionomics of Aphis chloris Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae) for biological control of St John's wort in Australia. Ecol. Entomol. 13, 365–374.Google Scholar
Campbell, A., Mackauer, M. and Hughes, R. D. (1977) Reproduction and population growth of the pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) under laboratory and field conditions. Can. Entomol. 109, 277–284.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cartier, J. J. and Mackauer, M. (1973) The population growth of the pea aphid biotype Rl on broad bean and pea (Homoptera: Aphididae). Z. Angew. Entomol. 74, 343–351.Google Scholar
CSA [Central Statistical Authority] (1987) Time series data on area, production and yield of major crops: 1979/80–1985/86. Statistical Bulletin 56. CSA, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Crowe, T. J. and Kemal, A. (1983) A checklist of aphids recorded in Ethiopia (Homoptera: Aphididae). IAR Entomological Bulletin No. 3, second revised edition. IAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 9 pp.Google Scholar
Gatson, K. J. (1988) The intrinsic rates of increase of insects of different sizes. Ecol. Entomol. 14, 399–409.Google Scholar
Gomez, K. A. and Gomez, A. A. (1984) Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. Second Edition. John Wiley & Sons, New York. 680 pp.Google Scholar
Hailu, B., Workneh, N. and Shelemew, W. (1994) Small holder production practices and constraints in Ethiopia, pp. 19–30. In Cool-Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia (Edited by Asfaw, T., Geletu, B., Saxena, M. C. and Solh, M. B.). Proceedings of the First National Cool-Season Food Legumes Review Conference, 16–20 December 1993, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ICARDA/Institute of Agricultural Research. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.Google Scholar
Hutchinson, W. D. and Hogg, D. B. (1984) Demographic statistics for the pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Wisconsin and a comparison with other populations. Environ. Entomol. 13, 1173–1181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
IAR [Institute of Agricultural Research] (1987) Research progress report for the period 1986/87. Holleta Research Center. IAR, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Google Scholar
Kaakeh, W. and Dutcher, J. D. (1993) Rates of increase and probing behavior of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae) on preferred and non-preferred host cover crops. Environ. Entomol. 22, 1016–1021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karner, M. A. and Manglitz, G. R. (1985) Effects of temperature and alfalfa cultivar on pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) fecundity and feeding activity of convergent lady beetle (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). J. Kansas Entomol. Soc. 58, 131–136.Google Scholar
Kemal, A. (1997) Economic threshold for pea aphid. Pest Manage. J. Ethiop. 1, 63–68.Google Scholar
Kemal, A. (1998) Population dynamics of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae) and its natural enemies in Pisum sativum (L.). Abstract presented at the Sixth Annual Conference of the Crop Protection Society of Ethiopia (CPSE), 3–5 June 1998, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. CPSE, Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Kemal, A. and Tadesse, G. (1990) Pea aphid: An important pest of field pea. IAR Newsl. Agric. Res. 5, 1–2.Google Scholar
Kemal, A. and Tibebu, H. (1994) Research on insect pests of cool season food legumes, pp. 367–398. In Cool-Season Food Legumes of Ethiopia (Edited by Asfaw, T., Geletu, B., Saxena, M. C. and Solh, M. B.). Proceedings of the First National Cool-Season Food Legumes Review Conference, 16–20 December 1993, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. ICARDA/Institute of Agricultural Research. ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria.Google Scholar
Kuang, R. P. and Xiano, N. (1997) Susceptibility of broad bean cultivars to cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch) and pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris). J. Entomol. Res. 221, 219–222.Google Scholar
Lambers, D. H. R. (1966) Polymorphism in Aphididae. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 11, 47–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McVean, R. I. K. and Dixon, A. F. G. (1996) Causes of early population crashes of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum, on pea crops. Brighton Crop Protection Conference: Pests and Diseases, Volume 1. Proceedings of an international conference, Brighton, UK, 18–21 November, 1996. British Crop Protection Council, Farnham, UK.Google Scholar
Melaku, W., Melkamu, A., Birhane, A. and Fantahun, M. (1998) Research on insect pests and diseases of field crops in northwestern Ethiopia, pp. 89–96. In Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Attempts and Achievements in Northern Ethiopia (Edited by Beyene, S. and Abera, D.). Proceedings of the Fourth Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis Workshop, 18–21 March 1997, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Panfilova, A. N. (1975) The pea aphid in Transuralia. Zashclnta Rastenii 3, 57.Google Scholar
Price, P. W. (1975) Insect Ecology. John-Wiley & Sons, New York. 514 pp.Google Scholar
Rassoulian, G. R. (1992) The biology of green pea aphid Acyrtlwsiplwn pisum (Harris) on alfalfa in Karaj, Iran. Iranian J. Agric. Sci. 22, 1–7.Google Scholar
Richter, S. and Balde, M. (1993) Influence of temperature on the development and reproduction of pea and oat aphids in field bean and spring barley. Communication of the German Society for General and Applied Entomology, pp. 591–597.Google Scholar
Sequeira, R. and Mackauer, M. (1987) Host instar preference of the aphid parasite Praon pequodorum (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Entomol. Generalis 12, 259–265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sharma, K. C. and Knatri, N. K. (1971) Some aspects of the biology of the pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)) on sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus) at Khumaltar. Nepalese f. Agric. 6, 1–9.Google Scholar
Sharma, M. L., Larrivee, J. M. and Theriault, L. M. (1976) The duration of the larval instars of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Aphididae: Homoptera), on peas of the variety Perfection. Ann. Soc. Entomol. Quebec 21, 144–146.Google Scholar
Siddiqui, W. H., Barlow, C. A. and Randolph, P. A. (1973) Effects of some constant and alternating temperatures on population growth of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae). Can. Entomol. 105, 145–156.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Southwood, T. R. E. (1978) Ecological Methods With Particular Reference to the Study of Insect Populations. 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall, Chippenham. 391 pp.Google Scholar
Steenis, M. (1995) Evaluation and application of paràsitoids for biological control of Aphis gossypii in glasshouse cucumber crops. Ph D thesis. Wageningen Agricultural University. Wageningen. 215 pp.Google Scholar
Tsuji, H. and Kawada, K. (1989) Propagation of the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. Nogaku Kenku 61, 221–226.Google Scholar
Wuletaw, T. (1998) Improvement of food legumes and their role for sustainable agricultural development in northwestern Ethiopia, pp. 46–52. In Agricultural Research and Technology Transfer Attempts and Achievements in Northern Ethiopia (Edited by Beyene, S. and Abera, D.). Proceedings of the Fourth Technology Generation, Transfer and Gap Analysis Workshop, 18–21 March 1997, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia. Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organisation (EARO), Addis Ababa.Google Scholar
Zeng, E., Pedersen, G., Ellsburry, M. and Davis, F. (1993) Demographic statistics for the pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on resistant and susceptible red clovers. J. Econ. Entomol. 86, 1852–1856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar