Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T07:01:40.243Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Dormancy in the stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis longicornis Macq., a pest of rice in sub-Saharan Africa

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

Hélène Chiasson  and
Stuart B. Hill
Hélène Chiasson
Affiliation:
Department of Natural Resource Science, Macdonald Campus of McGill University, 21 111 Lakeshore Blvd, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC Canada H9X 3V9
Stuart B. Hill
Affiliation:
School of Social Ecology, University of Western Sydney, Hawkesbury, Richmond NSW 2753, Australia
Get access

Abstract

Dormancy is described for adults of the stalk-eyed fly, Diopsis longicornis Macquart (Diopsidae: Diptera) in the tropical savanna of coastal Guinée, West Africa. Populations of diopsids maintained themselves within each chosen refugium throughout the dry season unless the site dried up. Sex ratio within the populations at each refugium remained constant throughout the dry period. Slightly more females than males were found (56%), and of these only 0.8% were gravid. Movement of stalk-eyed fly adults from the rice field to the refugia corresponded with the end of the rice cropping period (stage of ripening and harvest) at the end of the wet season (late October to November), whereas movement from the refugia to the rice field occurred towards the end of the dry season Gate (May/early June), but well in advance of the rice crop planting (July and August) of the following wet season. Insects retained their state of reproductive arrest in the dry season even when offered suitable oviposition sites, i.e. rice plants. Secondary host plants were investigated as possible oviposition sites and food sources for adult flies.

Résumé

La période de dormance est décrite pour le stade adulte de Diopsis longicornis Macquart (Diopsidae: Diptera) un ravageur de riz de la savanne tropicale guinéenne de l'Afrique de l'Ouest. Les populations de diopsidés ont demeuré dans leurs sites de refuge respectifs pendant la saison sèche sauf dans les sites qui se sont assèchés. Le rapport male: femelle est demeuré stable pendant ce stade de dormance reproductive. Le taux de femelles était légèrement plus élevé (56%) et de celles-ci seulement 0.8% portait des oeufs. À la fin de la saison pluvieuse, la migration de D. longicornis depuis les champs de riz vers les sites de refuge coincide avec la récolte de cette culture (fin octobre et novembre); par contre les diopsidés quittent ces sites en fin de saison sèche (mai et début juin) bien avant le début de la prochaine campagne de riz (juillet et août) en saison pluvieuse. Ces insectes ont maintenu leur période d'arrêt reproductif en saison sèche même en présence de leur plante-hôte, le riz. Les plantes-hôtes secondaires de D. longicornis ont également été évaluées au cours des deux saisons climatiques pour leur importance comme sites de ponte et de sources de nourriture.

Keywords

Diopsis longicornisDiopsidaeDipteradormancytropical savannarefugiarice stemborersecondary host plantsWest AfricaDiopsis longicornisDiopsidaeDiptèresdormancesavanne tropicalesite de refugeravageur de rizplantes-hôtes secondairesAfrique de l'Ouest
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 16 , Issue 3-4 , December 1995 , pp. 303 - 310
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Andrewartha, H. G. and Birch, L. C. (1984) The Ecological Web: More on the Distribution and Abundance of Animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 506 pp.Google Scholar
Anonymous (1970) Pest control of rice. PANS Manual No. 3. Min. Overseas Development, London, 270 pp.Google Scholar
Chiasson, H. and Hill, S. B. (1993) Population density, development and behaviour of Diopsis longicornis and D. apicalis (Diptera: Diopsidae) on rice in the republic of Guinée. Bull. Entomol. Res. 83, 5–14.Google Scholar
Danks, H. V. (1987) Insect dormancy: An ecological perspective. Biological Survey of Canada Monograph Series 1, Ottawa, 439 pp.Google Scholar
Deeming, J. C. (1982) Hostplant records for some Nigerian Diopsis species (Dipt., Diopsidae). Entomol. Mon. Mag. 118, 212.Google Scholar
Delfinado, M. D., Hardy, D. E., Hidaka, T., Vungsilabutr, P. and Kadkao, S. (1974) Studies on the ecology and control of the rice gall midge in Thailand. TARC Tech. Bull. 6, 113 pp.Google Scholar
Denlinger, D. L. (1986) Dormancy in tropical insects. Annu. Rev. Entomol. 31, 239–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Descamps, M. (1957) Contribution à l'étude des diptères Diopsidae nuisibles au riz dans le nord Cameroun. J. Agric. Trop. Bot. Appl. 4, 83–93.Google Scholar
Feijen, H. (1984) Studies on the Systematics, Ecology and Economic Importance of the Diopsioinea (Diptera). PhD thesis, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.Google Scholar
Hidaka, T. and Yaklai, V. (1980) Ecology and control of the rice gall midge with special emphasis on measures to prevent its spread in Thailand. Paper presented at the 12th Meeting of the FAO Plant Prot. Committee, 27 October to 3 November, 1980, Chiengmai, Thailand.Google Scholar
Hidaka, T., Yaklai, V., Chantaraprapha, N. and Chantarasaart, S. (1978) Serious incidence of the rice gall midge in the Central Plain of Thailand. Appl. Entomol. Zool. 13, 260–263.Google Scholar
Hodek, I. (1973) Biology of Coccinellidae. Junk, The Hague. 260 pp.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jordan, F. J. (1966) Investigations into the Presence and Prevalence of Rice Stemborers and Their Parasites in Sierra Leone, 1964–1965. Report of West African Rice Res. Stn., Rokupr, Sierra Leone. IRRI, Los Baños, Philippines, 47 pp.Google Scholar
Lever, R. J. A. W. (1969) The current position on the control of insect pests of rice. CIBA Agrochemicals Technical Monograph 1, 32–38.Google Scholar
Loevinsohn, M. (1994) Rice pests and agricultural environments, pp. 483–508. In Biology and Management of Rice Insects (Edited by Heinrichs, E. A.). Wiley-Eastern, New Delhi.Google Scholar
Morgan, H. G. and Abu, J. F. (1972) Weed hosts of diopsid (Dipt.) rice stemborers in Ghana. Entomol. Mon. Mag. 108, 105–106.Google Scholar
Oka, H. I. (1988) Origin of Cultivated Rice. Developments in Crop Science No. 14. Japan Sci. Soc. Press, Elsevier, Tokyo, 254 pp.Google Scholar
Onate, B. T. (1965) Egg parasites, particularly Anagrus nr. flaveolus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), parasitic to the eggs of Laodelphax striatellus and other rice-infesting planthoppers and leafhoppers. Rice Entomol. Newsl. 10, 42–43.Google Scholar
Taylor, F. (1984) Mexican bean beetles mate successfully in diapause. Int. J. Invertebr. Reprod. Dev. 7, 297–302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar