Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-ndw9j Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T14:16:39.554Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The effect of resistant sorghum hybrids in suppression of Busseola fusca Fuller and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) populations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

J. Van den Berg  and
M. C. Van der Westhuizen
J. Van den Berg
Affiliation:
Grain Crops Institute, Agricultural Research Council, Private Bag X1251, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
M. C. Van der Westhuizen
Affiliation:
Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Orange Free State Bloemfontein, South Africa
Get access

Abstract

Three field trials were conducted to determine the effect of various levels of resistance of South African sorghum hybrids on follow-up generations of Busseola fusca Fuller (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). In one trial, plants were artificially infested with B. fusca larvae while the other trials were subjected to natural infestation of C. partellus. The number of damaged internodes and moth exit holes per stem were used to calculate a relative survival index which estimates the survival of larvae to the adult stage. A moth production index was calculated to estimate the role of a hybrid in area-wide suppression of stemborer populations. In the B. fusca trial, resistant and susceptible experimental hybrids produced 40 000 and 113 000 moths per hectare respectively, compared to 80 000 and 83 000 moths per hectare produced by the commercial hybrids. Larval damage to whorl leaves, assessed on a 1 to 9 scale, indicated leaf-feeding resistance of commercial hybrids to B. fusca ranging from susceptible to intermediate. Yield losses suffered by the hybrids in the B. fusca trial were greater than that suffered by a susceptible experimental hybrid, indicating susceptibility of South African hybrids to B. fusca. The evaluation of sorghum varieties for their potential to reduce stemborer populations should indicate their usefulness in integrated pest management systems.

Résumé

Trois essais de terrain ont été menés pour déterminer l'effet de différents niveaux de résistance d'hybrides de sorgho Sud-Africains sur les populations de deuxième génération de Busseola fusca et Chilo partellus. Dans un essai, les plantes ont été infestées artificiellement avec des larves de B. fusca, tandis que les autres essais ont été soumis à l'infestation naturelle par C. partellus. On a utilisé les nombres d'entrenoeuds endommagés et de trous de sortie d'adultes par tige pour calculer un indice de survie relative estimant la survie des larves jusqu'au stade adulte. On a calculé un indice de production d'adultes pour estimer l'effet d'un hybride donné sur le niveau de population de la génération suivante de foreurs. Dans l'essai sur B. fusca, les hybrides résistant et sensible créés spécialement pour cet essai ont produit respectivement 40.000 et 113.000 adultes par hectare, comparé à 80.000 et 83.000 adultes par hectare produits par les hybrides commerciaux. Les dégâts foliaires causés au cornet par les larves, mesurés sur une échelle de 1 à 9, ont mis en évidence une résistance des hybrides commerciaux en termes de dégâts foliaires de B. fusca, allant du niveau de sensible â celui d'intermédiaire. Les pertes de rendement occasionnées aux hybrides commerciaux dans l'essai sur B. fusca ont été plus élevées que celles occasionnées à l'hybride sensible créé pour l'occasion, mettant ainsi en évidence la sensibilité des hybrides Sud-Africains à B. fusca. L'évaluation de variétés de sorgho pour leur potentiel de réduction des populations de foreurs des tiges devrait fournir des informations sur leur utilité dans des systèmes de lutte intégrée.

Keywords

stemborerBusseola fuscaChilo partellussorghumIPMresistanceSouth AfricaForeur de tigesBusseola fuscaChilo partellussorgholutte intégréerésistanceSud Afrique
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 18 , Issue 1 , March 1998 , pp. 31 - 36
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1998

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bessin, R. T., Reagan, T. E. and Martin, F. F. (1990) A moth production index for evaluating sugarcane cultivars for resistance to the sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 83, 221–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, F. M. (1985) Entomological techniques and methodologies used in research programmes on plant resistance to insects. Insect Sci. Applic. 6, 391–400.Google Scholar
Gebre-Amlak, A. (1988) Survival of the maize stalk borer, Busseola fusca (Fuller) in crop residues in Ethiopia. Crop Protection 7, 183–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guthrie, W. D., Dicke, F. F. and Neiswander, C. R. (1960) Leaf and sheath feeding resistance to the European corn borer in eight inbred lines of dent corn. Ohio Agricultural Experiment Station Research Bulletin 860.Google Scholar
Hallman, G. J., Teetes, G. L. and Johnson, J. W. (1984) Relationship of sorghum midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) density to damage to resistant and susceptible sorghum hybrids, J. Econ. Entomol. 77, 83–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, K. M. and Harris, E. (1967) Losses of African grain sorghums to pests and diseases. Pest Articles and News Summ. 14, 48–54.Google Scholar
Ingram, W. R. (1958) The lepidopterous stalk borers associated with Graminae in Uganda. Bull. ent. Res. 49, 367–383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mlambo, S. S. (1983) The status of cereal stem borer research in Zimbabwe. Insect Sci. Applic. 4, 221–222.Google Scholar
Nel, A., Krause, M., Hollings, N., Greyling, H. and Dreyer, M. (1993) A Guide to the Use of Fungicides and Pesticides in the Republic of South Africa. Dept. Directorate of Livestock Improvement and Agricultural Production Resources, Department of Agriculture, Pretoria, 332 pp.Google Scholar
Pretorius, A. J., McLaren, N. W., Van den Berg, J. and Wenzel, W. G. (1996) The sorghum improvement program at the Grain Crops Institute, pp. 265–273. In Drought-Tolerant Crops for Southern Africa. Proceedings of the SADC/ICRISAT Regional Sorghum and Millet workshop, 25–29 July 1994, Gaberone, Botswana. ICRISAT Patancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.Google Scholar
Seshu Reddy, K. V. (1990) Cultural control of Chilo spp. in graminaceous crops. Insect Sci. Applic. 11, 703–712.Google Scholar
Teetes, G. L., Johnson, J. W. and Rosenow, D. T. (1975) Response of improved resistant sorghum hybrids to natural and artificial greenbug populations, J. Econ. Entomol. 68, 546–548.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Berg, J. (1995) Stemborer resistance in the South African germplasm collection. International Sorghum and Millet Newsletter 36, 82–84.Google Scholar
Van den Berg, J. and Van der Westhuizen, M. C. (1995) Development of a chemical control strategy for stem borers in sorghum. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 12, 106–107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Berg, J., Van Rensburg, J. B. J. and Van der Westhuizen, M. C. (1993) Status of resistance to Chilo partellus (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in South African grain sorghum hybrids. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 10, 174–177.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Van den Berg, J., Wenzel, W. G. and Van der Westhuizen, M. C. (1994) Tolerance and recovery resistance of grain sorghum genotypes artificially infested with Busseola fusca (Fuller) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Insect Sci. Applic. 15, 61–65.Google Scholar
Wiseman, B. R., Davis, F. M. and Campbell, J. E. (1980) Mechanical infestation device used in fall armyworm plant resistance programs. Fla. Ent. 63, 425–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Youm, O., Marnalo, A. K. and Nwanze, K. F. (1993) Bio-ecology and integrated management of the millet stem borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): A review of highlights of current research at the ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, pp. 55–63. In Proceedings of the Regional Pearl Millet Wortehop 19–21 Sept. 1990, ICRISAT Sahelian Centre, B.P. 12404, Niamey, Niger. (Edited by Youm, O. and Kumar, K. A.), ICRISAT Pantancheru 502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India.Google Scholar