Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T06:14:49.206Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Life cycle studies of the tick species, Amblyomma lepidum, Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi under laboratory conditions

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 September 2011

O. M. Yassir
Affiliation:
Veterinary Research Administration, P. O. Box 8067, Khartoum, Sudan
O. M. Osman
Affiliation:
Veterinary Research Administration, P. O. Box 8067, Khartoum, Sudan
T. H. El-Amin
Affiliation:
Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum
Get access

Abstract

Immature stages of Amblyomma lepidum were fed on rabbit ears and the adult ones on calf ear. There was a three-host type of development during an average period of 160.5 days. The mean larval feeding period was 5 days, 7 days for nymphs and 14.5 for females. At 27 ± 1°C and 100% r.h. the engorged larvae required 21 days for moulting and nymphs took 22 days to develop to adults. The pre-oviposition period was 14.2 days and the oviposition period was 21.4 days during which a mean number of 7564.6 eggs were laid. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum and Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi were fed on rabbit ears. The larvae, nymphs and adults of Hyalomma ticks fed for 4.6 and 8.5 days, respectively. The larvae and nymphs of R. e. evertsi fed sequentially on the same host for 14 days while the females took 7.5 days to engorge. At 27 ± 1°C and 75–80% r.h. the engorged larvae and nymphs H. a. anatolicum moulted after a further 8.5 and 13 days respectively. The engorged nymphs of R. e. evertsi at 27 ± 1°C and 75–80% r.h. moulted 14.5 days after dropping off the host. At 27 ± 1°C and 75–80% r.h. the preoviposition and oviposition periods of H. a. anatolicum were 4.6 and 20.8 days, while those of R. e. evertsi were 5.4 and 14 days. The average number of eggs laid per female under the same conditions (27 ± 1°C and 75–80% r.h.), was 4684.6 for H. a. anatolicum and 3392 for R. e. evertsi.

Résumé

Les phases immatures de tiques Amblyomma lepidum ont été alimentées sur les oreilles des lapins et les phases adultes sur les oreilles des veaux. Il y a eu un développement de type a trois hôtes pendant une période moyenne de 160.5 jours. La période moyenne d'alimentation était de 5 jours. Sept jours pour les nymphes et 14.5 jours pour les femelles. A une température de 27 ± 1°C et humidité relative de 100%, les larves qui ont pris du sang nécessitent 21 jours pour la mue et les nymphes nécessitaient 22 jours pour se développer en adultes. La période de pré-ponte et ponte de oeufs étaient de 14.2 et 21.4 jours respectivement avec une production total environnement 7564.6 oeufs. Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum et Rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi ont pris du sang sur les oreilles de lapin. Les larves, nymphes et adultes des tiques Hyalomma ont pris du sang pendant 4.6 et 8.5 jours respectivement. Les larves et nymphes de R. e. evertsi ont pris du sang sur le même animal pendant 14 jours pendant que les femelles en a pris 7.5 jours. A une température de 27 ± 1°C et une humidité relative de 75–80% les larves et nymphes de H. a. anatolicum font la mue après 8.5 et 13 jours. Les nymphes de R. e. evertsi elevées à 27 ± 1°C et une humidité relative de 75–80% font la mue 14.5 jours après leur descente de l'hôte. Les périodes de pre-ponte et ponte furent de 4.6 et 20 jours pour H. a. anatolicum et de 5.4 et 14.8 jours pour R. e. evertsi. Le nombre moyen des oeufs par femelle sous les mêmes conditions était de 4684.6 pour H. a. anatolicum et 3392 pour R. e. evertsi.

Type
Tick Biology
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1992

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Baily, K. P. (1980) Notes on the rearing of Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and their infection with Theileria parva for experimental transmission. Bull. Epizoot. Dis. Afr. 8, 3334.Google Scholar
Balashov, Yu. S. (1972) Bloodsucking ticks (Ixodoidea) vectors of diseases of man and animals. Miscellaneous Publications of the Entomological Society of America 8, 161376. (Translation 500, Namru 3).Google Scholar
Bohrmann, R. (1981) Laboratory and field studies on the identity and biology of two ticks Hyalomma a. anatolicum and H. a. excavatum. Thesis, Hanover Veterinary University, German Federal Republic.Google Scholar
Dipeolu, O. O. and Akinboade, O. A. (1984) Studies on ticks of veterinary importance in Nigeria. XI. Observations on the biology of ticks detached from redflanked duiker (Cephamophys rufulatus) and parasites encountered in their blood. Vet. Parasitol. 14, 8793.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Drummond, R. O. and Whetstone, T. M. (1975) Oviposition of the cayenne tick Amblyomma cafenense in the laboratory. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 68, 214216.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Games, G. I. (1984) Colonization and life cycle of Amblyomma variegatum in the laboratory Puerto-Rico. Med. Entomol. 21, 8690.Google Scholar
Hoogstraal, H. (1956) Ticks of the Sudan. African Ixodoidea volume 1. US Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3. Research Report NM005050. 29. 07. 1–1100.Google Scholar
Hoogstraal, H. and Kaiser, M. N. (1959) Observation of Egyptian Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) 5—Biological notes and differences in identity of H. anatolicum and its subspecies anatolicum Koch and excavatum Koch among Russian and other workers. Identity of H. iusitanicum Koch. Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 52, 245261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hunt, L. M. and Drummond, R. O. (1983) Effect of laboratory rearing on the reproductive biology of the lone star tick (Acarina: Ixodidae). Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 76, 376378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karrar, G. (1960) Rickettsial infection (heartwater) in sheep and goats in the Sudan. Brit. Vet. J. 166, 105114.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Karrar, G., Kaiser, M. N. and Hoogstraal, H. (1963) Ecology and host-relationships of ticks (Ixodoidea) infesting domestic animals in Kassala Province, Sudan, with special reference to Amblyomma lepidum Donitz. Bull. Entomol. Res. 54, 509522.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Musa, T. and Osman, O. M. (1990) An outbreak of suspected tick paralysis in camels in the Sudan. Rev. Med. Vet. Trop. (in press).Google Scholar
Rechav, Y., Knight, M. M. and Norval, R. A. I. (1977) Life cycle of the tick Rhipicephalus evertsi Neumann (Acarina: Ixodidae) under laboratory conditions. 7. Parasitol. 61, 575579.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tatchell, R. D. (1982) The current methods of tick control with special reference to theileriosis. In Advances in the Control of Theileriosis. Proceedings of an International Conference, ILRAD Nairobi, 9–13 February 1981 (Edited by Irvin, A. D., Cunningham, M. P. and Young, A. S.), pp. 148159. The Hague, Netherlands, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.Google Scholar