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Sorghum resistant to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Homoptera: Aphididae), in Botswana and Zimbabwe

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 March 2017

G. L. Teetes ,
C. S. Manthe ,
G. C. Peterson ,
K. Leuschner  and
B. B. Pendleton
G. L. Teetes
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, 77843–2475
C. S. Manthe
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural Research, Private Bag 0033, Gaborone, Botswana
G. C. Peterson
Affiliation:
Texas A&M University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Route 3, Box 219, Lubbock, Texas, USA, 79401–9747
K. Leuschner
Affiliation:
SADC/ICRISAT Sorghum and Millet Improvement Program, Matopos Research Station, P.O. Box 776, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
B. B. Pendleton
Affiliation:
Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA, 77843–2475
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Abstract

Seedlings of 462 sorghum lines were screened to identify resistance to the sugarcane aphid, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). About 7% of the lines exhibited resistance in the seedling stage in greenhouse trials. In an advanced screening experiment, 12 sorghum lines had resistance ratings of 1.0–3.0 (highly resistant or resistant). In a similar test, older and larger plants of the same lines were as resistant as in the seedling stage. Lines IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, and IS12661C were highly resistant in preliminary and advanced screening trials. Antixenosis was shown to be a mechanism of resistance. Sorghum lines IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, and IS12661C were less preferred than ‘Mtode’, a susceptible sorghum. Based on greenhouse and field trials, antibiosis adversely affected aphid longevity, days reproducing, and progeny production. On the least antibiotic sorghums, longevity, days reproducing, and number of nymphs produced were as high as 13.7, 6.0, and 26.6, respectively. On the most antibiotic sorghums, these values were 4.5, 0.0, and 0.0. Resistance appeared to be controlled by a dominant gene, but there were indications of modifiers linked to major genes.

Résumé

Quatre cent soixante deux lignées de sorgho ont été criblées au semis pour la résistance au puceron, Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner). En essais en serre, 7% environ des lignées ont été résistantes au semis. En essai avançé, 12 lignées de sorgho ont eu des scores de résistance variant de 1.0 à 3.0 (hautement résistante ou résistante). Au cours d'un essai similaire, des plantes plus agées des même lignées ont eu le même niveau de résistance qu'au sémis. En essais préliminaires et avancés de criblage, les lignées IS12664C, IS12609C, IS12158C, et IS12661C ont été très résistantes. Le mécanisme de résistance en était l'antixenose. Les lignées de sorgho IS12664C, IS1144C, IS1598C, et IS12661C étaient moins préferées que la varieté susceptible de sorgho ‘Mtode’. Les résultats obtenus en serre et au champ ont montré que l'anti-biose a affecté de façon défavorable la longévité, la durée de reproduction et le nombre de progénitures de pucerons. Sur les sorghos les moins antibiotique, la durée de vie, la durée de reproduction et le nombre de nymphes de pucerons ont atteint jusqu' à 13, 7, 6, 0, et 26, 6 respectivement. Sur les sorghos les plus anti-biotiques, ces chiffres sont devenus respectivement 4, 5, 0, 0, et 0, 0. La resistance semblait être contrôlée par un gène dominant, mais avec des indications de modifications liées aux genes majeurs.

Keywords

antibiosisantixenosisMelanaphis saccharimonogenic inheritanceplant resistancesorghumSorghum bicolorsugarcane aphidanti-bioseanti-xenoseMelanaphis saccharihérédité monogéniquerésistance des plantessorghoSorghum bicolorpuceron
Type
Research Articles
Information
International Journal of Tropical Insect Science , Volume 16 , Issue 1 , March 1995 , pp. 63 - 71
Copyright
Copyright © ICIPE 1995

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