Kontic, Milenkovic and Tomanovic v. Ministry of Defence

Abstract

State responsibility — International organizations — Attribution — Kosovo — United Nations Security Council — Security Council Resolution 1244 — Kosovo — United Nations Special Representative for Kosovo — North Atlantic Treaty Organization — Kosovo Force — Troop-contributing nations — United Kingdom — Ethnic tensions — Killings — Failure of Kosovo Force to investigate crimes — Whether conduct of Kosovo Force attributable to United Nations or to United Kingdom

Jurisdiction — Territorial — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Article 1 — Exceptions to jurisdiction — Effective control — State agent authority — Kosovo Force — United Kingdom — Protection from violence — Police investigations — Whether United Kingdom exercising effective control of Kosovo at relevant time — Whether United Kingdom exercising physical authority or control

Human rights — European Convention on Human Rights, 1950 — Article 2 — Right to life — Article 3 — Right to be free from subjection to torture or inhuman or degrading treatment — Article 8 — Article 13 — Human Rights Act 1998 — Positive obligation — Whether United Kingdom having operational protective duty — Whether United Kingdom having investigative duty — Jurisdiction — Whether limitation period under Human Rights Act 1998 could be extended — Whether Human Rights Act 1998 can be applied retrospectively — Customary international law

State immunity — Security Council Resolution 1244 — Kosovo — Kosovo Force — United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo Regulation 2000/47 — Joint Declaration of Special Representative of Secretary General and Commander of Kosovo Force, 17 August 2000 — The law of England