Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 February 2017
1 See Susan Sell, Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights 96 (2003).
2 The “Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property” section of the 1995 World Trade Agreement mandates harmonization of national legislation on intellectual property.
3 Proposal for a Directive on Criminal Measures Aimed at Ensuring the Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights, COM (2005) 0276 final (Dec. 12, 2005), available at http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:52005PC0276(01):EN:NOT [hereinafter 2005 Proposal]. The 2005 Proposal, which was subsequently withdrawn, would have added criminal sanctions to Enforcement Directive 2004/48, 2004 O.J. (L 157) 45.
4 Case C-70/10, Scarlet Extended SA v. Société Belge des Auteurs, Compositeurs et Editeurs SCRL (SABAM), ¶ 29 (E.C.J. Nov. 24, 2011), available at http://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?language=en&num=C-70/10 [hereinafter Scarlet].
5 Anti-Counterfeit Trade Agreement art. 8(1), Oct. 1, 2011, available at http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/economy/Lproperty/pdfs/acta1105_en.pdf (stating that “Each Party shall provide that, in civil judicial proceedings concerning the enforcement of intellectual property rights, its judicial authorities have the authority to issue an order against a party to desist from an infringement, and inter alia, an order to that party or, where appropriate, to a third party over whom the relevant judicial authority exercises jurisdiction, to prevent goods that involve the infringement of an intellectual property right from entering into the channels of commerce.”).
6 SABAM is the Belgian association of authors, composers and publishers. The acronym stands for “Société d’Auteurs Belge - Belgische Auteurs Maatschappij.”
7 Scarlet, supra note 4, ¶ 29.
8 Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, Dec. 7, 2000,2000/C364/01 J.O., available at http://www.europarl.europa.eu/charter/pdf/text_en.pdf [hereinafter CFR]. The CFR came into force in 2009 as a binding declaration attached to the Lisbon Treaty. See also Treaty of Lisbon, Dec. 2007, 2008 O. J. (C115) 1.
9 Scarlet, supra note 4, ¶ 43.
10 Id. ¶ 44.
11 CFR, supra note 8, art. 16.
12 Id. arts. 8 & 11.
* This text was reproduced and reformatted from the text available at European Court of Justice (visited Mar. 21, 2012) <http://curia.europa.eu/juris/document/document.jsf?docid=l 15202&doclang=EN&mode=&part=l.>