Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-v9fdk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-10T13:06:56.823Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Performance of Brazilian long and short IQCODE on the screening of dementia in elderly people with low education

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

Tíbor Rilho Perroco ,
Sonia E. Zevallos Bustamante ,
María del Pilar Q. Moreno ,
Sérgio R. Hototian ,
Marcos A. Lopes ,
Dionísio Azevedo ,
Júlio Litvoc ,
Wilson Jacob Filho  and
Cássio M. C. Bottino
Tíbor Rilho Perroco*
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Sonia E. Zevallos Bustamante
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
María del Pilar Q. Moreno
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Sérgio R. Hototian
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Marcos A. Lopes
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Dionísio Azevedo
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Júlio Litvoc
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Wilson Jacob Filho
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
Cássio M. C. Bottino
Affiliation:
Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, Brazil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Dr. Tíbor R. Perroco, Old Age Research Group (PROTER), Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, R. Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos, 785, 3° andar, CEAPESQ, sala 14, São Paulo / SP. CEP: 05403–010, Brazil. Phone: +55 11 306 969 73; Fax: +55 11 306 980 18. Email: perroco@ajato.com.br and perroco@bairral.com.br.
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Background: Dementia screening in elderly people with low education can be difficult to implement. For these subjects, informant reports using the long (L) (26 items) and short (C) (16 items) versions of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) can be useful. The objective of the present study was to investigate the performance of Brazilian versions of the IQCODE L, S and a new short version (SBr) (15 items) in comparison with the Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE) for dementia screening in elderly people with low education.

Methods: Thirty-four patients with mild to moderate dementia, diagnosed according to ICD-10 criteria, and 57 controls were evaluated and divided into three groups based on their socioeconomic status and level of education. Patients were evaluated using the MMSE and the informants were interviewed using the IQCODE by interviewers blind to the clinical diagnosis.

Results: Education was correlated with MMSE results (r = 0.280, p = 0.031), but not with the versions of the IQCODE. The performance of the instruments, evaluated by the ROC curves, was very similar, with good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.97). MMSE correctly classified 85.7% of the subjects while the three IQCODE versions (L, S and SBr) correctly classified 91.2% of the subjects.

Conclusions: The long, short and the new short Brazilian IQCODE versions can be useful as a screening tool for mild and moderate patients with dementia in Brazil. The IQCODE is not biased by schooling, and it seems to be an adequate instrument for samples with low levels of education.

Keywords

dementiascreening testsinformant reportdiagnosis
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , June 2009 , pp. 531 - 538
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1987). Manual de diagnóstico e estatística de distúrbios mentais (3° ed. revista) (DSM-IIIR). São Paulo: Manole, 112–117.Google Scholar
Associação Brasileira de Anunciantes (1989). XXXI Estudos Marplan. São Paulo: Marplan Brasil Representações e Pesquisas Ltda.Google Scholar
Bottino, C. M. et al. (2008). Estimate of dementia prevalence in a community sample from São Paulo, Brazil. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, 26, 291–299.Google Scholar
Brucki, S. M. D., Nitrini, R., Caramelli, P., Bertolucci, P. H. and Okamoto, I. H. (2003). Suggestions for utilization of the Mini-mental State Examination in Brazil. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 61, 777–781.Google Scholar
Bustamante, S. E. Z. et al. (2003) Combined instruments on the evaluation of dementia in the elderly: preliminary results. Arquivos Neuro-Psiquiatria, 61, 601–606.Google Scholar
de Jonghe, J. F. et al. (1997). Differentiating between demented and psychiatric patients with the Dutch version of the IQCODE. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 462–465.Google Scholar
Del-Ser, T., Morales, J. M., Barquero, M. S., Canton, R. and Bermejo, F. (1997) Application of a spanish version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly in the clinical assessment of dementia. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 11, 3–8.Google Scholar
Fuh, J. L. et al. (1995). The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE) as a screening tool for dementia for a predominantly illiterate Chinese population. Neurology, 45, 92–96.Google Scholar
Galvin, J. E., Roe, C. M., Xiong, C., Morris, J. C. (2006). Validity and reliability of the AD8 informant interview in dementia. Neurology, 67, 1942–1948.Google Scholar
Harwood, D. M., Hope, T. and Jacoby, R. (1997). Cognitive impairment in medical inpatients: I. Screening for dementia – is history better than mental state? Age and Ageing, 26, 31–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Isella, V., Villa, M. L., Frattola, L. and Appollonio, I. (2002) Screening cognitive decline in dementia: preliminary data on Italian version of the IQCODE. Neurological Sciences, 23, S79–S80.Google Scholar
Jorm, A. F. (1994). A short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): development and cross-validation. Psychological Medicine, 24, 145–153.Google Scholar
Jorm, A. F. (2004). The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): a review. International Psychogeriatrics, 16, 3, 275–293.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jorm, A. F. and Jacomb, P. A. (1989) The Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE): socio-demographic correlates, reliability, validity and some norms. Psychological Medicine, 19, 1015–1022.Google Scholar
Jorm, A. F. and Korten, A. E. (1988). Assessment of cognitive decline in the elderly by informant interview. British Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 209–213.Google Scholar
Jorm, A. F. et al. (1996). Further data on the validity of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 11, 131–139.Google Scholar
Lim, H. J., Lim, J. P., Anthony, P., Yeo, D. H. and Sahadevan, S. (2003). Prevalence of cognitive impairment amongst Singapore's elderly Chinese: a community-based study using the ECAQ and the IQCODE. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 142–148.Google ScholarPubMed
Mackinnon, A. and Mulligan, R. (1998) Combining cognitive testing and informant report to increase accuracy in screening for dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 155, 1529–1535.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mari, J. J. and Williams, P. (1986) A validity study of a psychiatric screening questionnaire (SRQ-20) in primary care in the city of São Paulo. British Journal of Psychiatry, 148, 23–26.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Morales, J. M., Gonzalez-Montalvo, J. L., Bermejo, F. and Del-Ser, T. (1997). Screening of dementia in community-dwelling elderly through informant report. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 12, 808–816.Google Scholar
Morales, J. M., Gonzalez-Montalvo, J. L., Bermejo, F. and Del-Ser, T. (1995). The screening of mild dementia with a shortened Spanish version of the Informant Questionnaire of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly. Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders, 9, 105–111.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Qureshi, K. N. and Hodkinson, H. M. (1974). Evaluation of a ten-question mental test in the institutionalized elderly. Age and Ageing, 3, 152–157.Google Scholar
Senanarong, V. et al. (2001). The IQCODE: an alternative screening test for dementia for low educated Thai. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand, 84, 648–655.Google ScholarPubMed
Tang, W. K. et al. (2003) Can IQCODE detect poststroke dementia? International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 706–710.Google Scholar
World Heath Organization (1993). Classificação de transtornos mentais de comportamento da CID-10: descrições clínicas e diretrizes diagnósticas. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 42–68.Google Scholar