Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-jkksz Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T14:11:44.500Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Relationship between childhood maltreatment and geriatric depression: the mediator effect of personality traits

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 March 2019

Gabriel Behr Gomes Jardim ,
Armin von Gunten ,
Irenio Gomes da Silva Filho ,
Patricia Klarmann Ziegelmann Open the ORCID record for Patricia Klarmann Ziegelmann [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniela Benzano Bumaguin ,
Eduardo Lopes Nogueira ,
Paula Engroff  and
Alfredo Cataldo Neto
Gabriel Behr Gomes Jardim*
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
Armin von Gunten
Affiliation:
Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie de l’Age Avance - SUPAA, University of Lausanne - UNIL, Switzerland
Irenio Gomes da Silva Filho
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
Patricia Klarmann Ziegelmann
Affiliation:
PPG Epidemiologia e Departamento de Estatística da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Brazil
Daniela Benzano Bumaguin
Affiliation:
PPG Epidemiologia e Departamento de Estatística da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Brazil
Eduardo Lopes Nogueira
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
Paula Engroff
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil
Alfredo Cataldo Neto
Affiliation:
Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul - PUCRS, Brazil Núcleo Específico de Formação em Psiquiatria, Escola de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Gabriel Behr Gomes Jardim, Instituto de Geriatria e Gerontologia - IGG, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul – PUCRS, Avenida Ipiranga 6681/703, Porto Alegre/RS, CEP: 90619–900, Brazil. Phone: +55 51 33536031. Email: gabrielbehr@gmail.com.
Get access

Abstract

Background:

Childhood maltreatment is an important factor associated with adverse mental health outcomes including geriatric depression and the “big five” personality characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate a model where personality characteristics mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and geriatric depression.

Method:

In this cross-sectional study, elderly subjects from socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods of Porto Alegre, Brazil (n = 260) completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), and Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview 5.0 (MINI plus). We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the mediation hypothesis.

Results:

The five personality factors (neuroticism, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and conscientiousness) were related to childhood maltreatment and depression. Mediation analysis revealed that neuroticism and extraversion are complete mediators, agreeableness and conscientiousness are partial mediators, and openness is not a mediator.

Conclusions:

These findings support the hypothesis in which childhood maltreatment is associated with geriatric depression and mediated by personality factors. These results suggest that reducing the maladaptive personality trait in elderly people who suffered childhood maltreatment could prevent geriatric depression.

Keywords

childhood maltreatmentgeriatric depressionpersonality traitselderly
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 31 , Issue 12: Issue Theme: Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in East Asia , December 2019 , pp. 1759 - 1767
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2019 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Allik, J. (2005). Personality dimensions across cultures. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 212–232.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Amorim, P. (2000). Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): validação de entrevista breve para diagnóstico de transtornos mentais Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI): validation of a short structured diagnostic psychiatric interview. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 22, 106–115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baek, Y., Martin, P., Siegler, I. C., Davey, A. and Poon, L. W. (2016). Personality traits and successful aging : findings from the Georgia Centenarian Study. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 83, 207–227. doi: 10.1177/0091415016652404.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beddington, J. et al. (2008). The mental wealth of nations. Nature, 455, 1057–1060. doi: 10.1038/4551057a.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernstein, D. P. et al. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse and Neglect, 27, 169–190. doi: 10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00541-0.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boden, J. M., Horwood, L. J. and Fergusson, D. M. (2007). Exposure to childhood sexual and physical abuse and subsequent educational achievement outcomes. Child Abuse and Neglect, 31, 1101–1114. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.03.022.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caspi, A., Roberts, B. W. and Shiner, R. L. (2005). Personality development : stability and change. Annual Review Psychology, 56, 453–484. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.55.090902.141913.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Comijs, H. C., Van Exel, E., Van Der Mast, R. C., Paauw, A., Oude Voshaar, R. and Stek, M. L. (2013). Childhood abuse in late-life depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 147, 241–246. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.11.010.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conwell, Y., Duberstein, P. R. and Caine, E. D. (2002). Risk factors for suicide in later life. Biological Psychiatry, 52, 193–204. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3223(02)01347-1.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Costa, P. and McCrae, R. R. (1995). Inventory domains and facets : hierarchical personality assessment using the revised NEO personality inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment, 64, 21–50. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa6401.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Currie, J. and Widom, C. S. (2010). Long-term consequences of child abuse and neglect on adult economic well-being. Child Maltreatment, 14, 384–399. doi: 10.1080/10810730902873927. Testing.Google Scholar
Dannlowski, U. et al. (2012). Limbic scars: long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment revealed by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 71, 286–293. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.021.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Draper, B. et al. (2008). Long-term effects of childhood abuse on the quality of life and health of older people: results from the depression and early prevention of suicide in general practice project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56, 262–271. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2007.01537.x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Giles, W. H. and Anda, R. F. (2003). The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900. Preventive Medicine, 37, 268–277. doi: 10.1016/S0091-7435(03)00123-3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ege, M. A., Messias, E., Thapa, P. B. and Krain, L. P. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences and geriatric depression: results from the 2010 BRFSS. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 23, 110–114. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.08.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E. and Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373, 68–81. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61706-7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grassi-Oliveira, R. et al. (2014). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) in Brazilian samples of different age groups: findings from confirmatory factor analysis. PLoS ONE, 9, E87118. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087118.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grassi-Oliveira, R., Stein, L. M. and Pezzi, J. C. (2006). Tradução e validação de conteúdo da versão em português do Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Revista de Saude Publica, 40, 249–255. doi: 10.1590/S0034-89102006000200010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayward, R. D. (2013). Association of NEO personality. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 21, 88–96. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.11.012.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hengartner, M. P., Cohen, L. J., Rodgers, S., Müller, M., Rössler, W. and Ajdacic-Gross, V. (2015). Association between childhood maltreatment and normal adult personality traits: exploration of an understudied field. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29, 1–14. doi: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopfinger, L., Berking, M., Bockting, C. L. H. and Ebert, D. D. (2016). Emotion regulation mediates the effect of childhood trauma on depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 198, 189–197. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.050.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hovens, J. G. F. M., Giltay, E. J., Van Hemert, A. M. and Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2016). Childhood maltreatment and the course of depressive and anxiety disorders: the contribution of personality characteristics. Depression and Anxiety, 33, 27–34. doi: 10.1002/da.22429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Huh, H. J., Kim, K. H., Lee, H. K. and Chae, J. H. (2017). The relationship between childhood trauma and the severity of adulthood depression and anxiety symptoms in a clinical sample: the mediating role of cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Journal of Affective Disorders, 213, 44–50. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.02.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kendler, K. S., Gatz, M., Gardner, C. O. and Pedersen, N. L. (2006). Personality and major depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 1113. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.10.1113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kessler, R. C. et al. (2010). Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: results from the WHO world mental health survey initiative. Depression and Anxiety, 27, 351–364. doi: 10.1002/da.20634.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling (3rd edn). New York, NY: Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Koorevaar, A. M. L. et al. (2013). Big five personality and depression diagnosis, severity and age of onset in older adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151, 178–185. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.05.075.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kuhlman, K. R., Maercker, A., Bachem, R., Simmen, K. and Burri, A. (2013). Developmental and contextual factors in the role of severe childhood trauma in geriatric depression: the sample case of former indentured child laborers. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37, 969–978. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.04.013.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lecrubier, Y. et al. (1997). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview : reliability and validity according to the CIDI. European Psychiatry, 12, 224–231. doi: 10.1016/S0924-9338(97)83296-8.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, E. E., Martin, A. S., Tu, X., Palmer, B. W. and Jeste, D. V. (2018). Childhood adversity and schizophrenia: the protective role of resilience in mental and physical health and metabolic markers. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 79, 1–9.Google ScholarPubMed
Lüdtke, O., Roberts, B. W. and Nagy, G. (2011). A random walk down university avenue: life paths, life events, and personality trait change at the transition to university life. Journal of Personality and Socical Psychology, 101, 620–637. doi: 10.1037/a0023743.A.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
MacDonald, K. et al. (2016). Minimization of childhood maltreatment is common and consequential: results from a large, multinational sample using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. PLoS ONE, 11, 1–16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146058.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Manning, K. J., Ph, D., Chan, G., Ph, D. and Steffens, D. C. (2016). Neuroticism traits selectively impact long-term illness course and cognitive decline in late-life depression. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 25, 1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.10.006.Google ScholarPubMed
Maschi, T., Baer, J., Morrissey, M. B. and Moreno, C. (2012). The aftermath of childhood trauma on late life mental and physical health: a review of the literature. Traumatology, 19, 1–6. doi: 10.1177/1534765612437377.Google Scholar
McElroy, S. and Hevey, D. (2014). Relationship between adverse early experiences, stressors, psychosocial resources and wellbeing. Child Abuse and Neglect, 38, 65–75. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.017.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nogueira, E. L., Rubin, L. L., Giacobbo, S. de, S., Gomes, I. and Neto, A. C. (2014). Screening for depressive symptoms in older adults in the Family Health Strategy, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Revista de Saude Publica, 48, 368–377. doi: 10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048004660.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novelo, M. et al. (2018). Effects of childhood multiple maltreatment experiences on depression of socioeconomic disadvantaged elderly in Brazil. Child Abuse and Neglect, 79, 350–357. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.02.013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Shea, D. M., Dotson, V. M. and Fieo, R. A. (2017). Aging perceptions and self-efficacy mediate the association between personality traits and depressive symptoms in older adults. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 32, 1217–1225. doi: 10.1002/gps.4584.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ormel, J. et al. (2015). Neuroticism and common mental disorders: meaning and utility of a complex relationship. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 686–697. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.04.003. CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Penninx, B. W., Geerlings, S. W., Deeg, D. J., van Eijk, J. T., van Tilburg, W. and Beekman, A. T. (1999). Minor and major depression and the risk of death in older persons. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 889–895. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.56.10.889.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Raposo, S. M., Mackenzie, C. S., Henriksen, C. A. and Afifi, T. O. (2014). Time does not heal all wounds: older adults who experienced childhood adversities have higher odds of mood, anxiety, and personality disorders. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 22, 1241–1250. doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2013.04.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sachs-Ericsson, N. J., Rushing, N. C., Stanley, I. H. and Sheffler, J. (2016). In my end is my beginning: developmental trajectories of adverse childhood experiences to late-life suicide. Aging & Mental Health, 20, 139–165. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1063107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steffens, D. C., McQuoid, D. R., Smoski, M. J. and Potter, G. G. (2013). Clinical outcomes of older depressed patients with and without comorbid neuroticism. International Psychogeriatrics, 25, 1985–1990. doi: 10.1017/S1041610213001324.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Steffens, D. C., Wu, R., Grady, J. J. and Manning, K. J. (2017). Presence of neuroticism and antidepressant remission rates in late-life depression: results from the Neurobiology of Late-Life Depression (NBOLD) study. International Psychogeriatrics, 30, 1069–1074. doi: 10.1017/S1041610217002551.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taillieu, T. L., Brownridge, D. A., Sareen, J. and Afifi, T. O. (2016). Child abuse & neglect childhood emotional maltreatment and mental disorders : results from a nationally representative adult sample from the United States. Child Abuse & Neglect, 59, 1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.07.005.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tunnard, C., Rane, L. J., Wooderson, S. C., Markopoulou, K., Poonb, L., Fekadu, A., Juruena, M., Cleare, A. J. (2014). The impact of childhood adversity on suicidality and clinical course in treatment-resistant depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 152–154, 122–130. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.06.037.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weber, K. et al. (2010). Volumetric MRI changes, cognition and personality traits in old age depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 124, 275–282. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.11.016.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wingo, A. P., Wrenn, G., Pelletier, T., Gutman, A. R., Bradley, B. and Ressler, K. J. (2010). Moderating effects of resilience on depression in individuals with a history of childhood abuse or trauma exposure. Journal of Affective Disorders, 126, 411–414. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2010.04.009.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed