Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T21:20:09.987Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Are depressive symptoms in mild cognitive impairment predictive of conversion to dementia?

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 January 2016

Ellen De Roeck ,
Ingrid Ponjaert-Kristoffersen ,
Marc Bosmans ,
Peter Paul De Deyn ,
Sebastiaan Engelborghs  and
Eva Dierckx
Ellen De Roeck
Affiliation:
Developmental and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Ingrid Ponjaert-Kristoffersen
Affiliation:
Developmental and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Marc Bosmans
Affiliation:
Developmental and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
Peter Paul De Deyn
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Research Center, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), Groningen, the Netherlands
Sebastiaan Engelborghs
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology and Memory Clinic, Hospital Network Antwerp (ZNA), Middelheim and Hoge Beuken, Antwerp, Belgium Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behavior, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
Eva Dierckx*
Affiliation:
Developmental and Lifespan Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium Alexian Brothers Hospital, Tienen, Belgium
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Prof. Dr. Eva Dierckx, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium. Phone: + 32 2 629 36 22; Fax: + 32-2-629 25 32. Email: eva.dierckx@vub.ac.be.
Get access

Abstract

Background:

Depressive symptoms are common in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The association between depressive symptoms and conversion to dementia is not yet clear. This longitudinal study was conducted to ascertain whether depressive symptoms in aMCI patients are predictive of conversion to dementia.

Methods:

35 aMCI patients participated in this study. All participants underwent cognitive testing and were administered the geriatric depression scale (GDS) to determine the presence of depressive symptoms. A score equaling or higher than 11 on the GDS was taken as the cut-off point for presence of significant depressive symptoms. Conversion to dementia was assessed at follow-up visits after 1.5, 4, and 10 years.

Results:

31.4% of the patients reported depressive symptoms at baseline. None of the cognitive measures revealed a significant difference at baseline between patients with and without depressive symptoms. After 1.5, 4, and 10 years respectively 6, 14, and 23 patients had converted to dementia. Although the GDS scores at baseline did not predict conversion to dementia, the cognitive measures and more specifically a verbal cued recall task (the memory impairment scale-plus) was a good predictor for conversion.

Conclusions:

Based on this dataset, the presence of depressive symptoms in aMCI patients is not predictive of conversion to dementia.

Keywords

depressive symptomsdepressionmild cognitive impairmentdementiaconversionAlzheimer's disease
Type
Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 28 , Issue 6 , June 2016 , pp. 921 - 928
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Pychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Banks, S. J. et al. (2014). The Alzheimer's disease cooperative study prevention instrument project: longitudinal outcome of behavioral measures as predictors of cognitive decline. Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra, 4, 509–516. doi: 10.1159/000357775.Google Scholar
Chen, P., Ganguli, M., Mulsant, B. H. and DeKosky, S. T. (1999). The temporal relationship between depressive symptoms and dementia: a community-based prospective study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56, 261–266.Google Scholar
Chen, R., Hu, Z., Wei, L., Qin, X., McCracken, C. and Copeland, J. R. (2008). Severity of depression and risk for subsequent dementia: cohort studies in China and the UK. British Journal of Psychiatry, 193, 373–377. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.044974.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conde-Sala, J. L. et al. (2012). Predictors of cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using the CAMCOG: a five-year follow-up. International Psychogeriatrics, 24, 948–958. doi: 10.1017/S1041610211002158.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
da Silva, J., Goncalves-Pereira, M., Xavier, M. and Mukaetova-Ladinska, E. B. (2013). Affective disorders and risk of developing dementia: systematic review. British Journal of Psychiatry, 202, 177–186. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.101931.Google Scholar
Derix, M. M., Teunisse, S. and Hijdra, A. (1992). The Cambridge Examination for Mental Disorders of the Elderly: CAMDEX (Dutch edition). Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.Google Scholar
Dierckx, E., Engelborghs, S., De Raedt, R., De Deyn, P. P. and Ponjaert-Kristoffersen, I. (2007). Differentiation between mild cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and depression by means of cued recall. Psychological Medicine, 37, 747–755. doi: 10.1017/S003329170600955X.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dierckx, E. et al. (2009). Verbal cued recall as a predictor of conversion to Alzheimer's disease in mild cognitive impairment. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 24, 1094–1100. doi: 10.1002/gps.2228.Google Scholar
Dubois, B. et al. (2014). Advancing research diagnostic criteria for Alzheimer's disease: the IWG-2 criteria. The Lancet Neurology, 13, 614–629. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(14)70090-0.Google Scholar
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E. and McHugh, P. R. (1975). “Mini-mental state.” A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189–198.Google Scholar
Gao, Y. et al. (2013). Depression as a risk factor for dementia and mild cognitive impairment: a meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 28, 441–449. doi: 10.1002/gps.3845.Google Scholar
Gaugler, J. E., Hovater, M., Roth, D. J., Johnston, J. A., Kane, R. L. and Sarsour, K. (2014). Depressive, functional status, and neuropsychiatric symptom trajectories before an Alzheimer's disease diagnosis, Aging & Mental Health, 18, 110–116. doi: 10.1080/13607863.2013.814100.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
IBM Corp. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics (22.0) [for Windows] Armonk. New York: IBM Corp. Google Scholar
Lee, J., Potter, G., Wagner, H. R., Welsh Bohmer, K. and Steffens, D. (2007). Persistent mild cognitive impairment in geriatric depression. International Psychogeriatrics, 19, 125–135. doi: 10.1017/S1041610206003607.Google Scholar
Lindeboom, J. and Schmand, B. (2003). Visual Association Test. Leiden: PITS.Google Scholar
Luppa, M., Luck, T., Ritschel, F., Angermeyer, M. C., Villringer, A. and Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2013). Depression and incident dementia. An 8-year population-based prospective study. PLoS One, 8, e59246. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059246.Google Scholar
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D. and Stadlan, E. M. (1984). Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of department of health and human services task force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 34, 939–944.Google Scholar
Mitchell, A. J. and Shiri-Feshki, M. (2009). Rate of progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia–meta-analysis of 41 robust inception cohort studies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 119, 252–265. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01326.x.Google Scholar
Ownby, R. L., Crocco, E., Acevedo, A., John, V. and Loewenstein, D. (2006). Depression and risk for Alzheimer disease: systematic review, meta-analysis, and metaregression analysis. Archives of General Psychiatry, 63, 530–538. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.530.Google Scholar
Panza, F. et al. (2010). Late-life depression, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia: possible continuum? American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 18, 98–116. doi: 10.1097/JGP.0b013e3181b0fa13.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G. and Kokmen, E. (1999). Mild cognitive impairment: clinical characterization and outcome. Archives of Neurology, 56, 303–308.Google Scholar
Robert, P. H. et al. (2006). Apathy in patients with mild cognitive impairment and the risk of developing dementia of Alzheimer's disease a one-year follow-up study. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery, 108, 733–736. doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2006.02.003.Google Scholar
Roth, M. et al. (1986). CAMDEX. A standardised instrument for the diagnosis of mental disorder in the elderly with special reference to the early detection of dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 698–709.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sacuiu, S. et al. (2015). For the Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI): chronic depressive symptomatology in mild cognitive impairment is associated with frontal atrophy rate which hastens conversion to Alzheimer dementia. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, doi: 10.1016/j.jagp.2015.03.006.Google Scholar
Saczynski, J. S., Beiser, A., Seshadri, S., Auerbach, S., Wolf, P. A. and Au, R. (2010). Depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: the Framingham heart study. Neurology, 75, 35–41. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3181e62138.Google Scholar
Van der Mussele, S. et al. (2014). Depression in mild cognitive impairment is associated with progression to Alzheimer's dementia: a longitudinal study. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 42, 1239–1250. doi: 10.3233/JAD-140405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Vinkers, D., Westendorp, R. G. J., van der Mast, R. C., Gussekloo, J. and Stek, M. (2004). Temporal relation between depression and cognitive impairment in old age: prospective population based study. British Medical Journal, 329, 881–883. doi: 10.1136/bmj.38216.604664.Google Scholar
Wagner, M. et al. (2012). Biomarker validation of a cued recall memory deficit in prodromal Alzheimer disease. Neurology, 78, 379–386. doi: 10.1212/WNL.0b013e318245f447.Google Scholar
Yesavage, J. A. (1988). Geriatric depression scale. Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 24, 709–711.Google Scholar