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Construct validity of the Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT)—a cross-cultural language-neutral cognitive screening tool

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 May 2019

Audrey Low ,
Levinia Lim ,
Linda Lim ,
Benjamin Wong ,
Eveline Silva ,
Kok Pin Ng  and
Nagaendran Kandiah
Audrey Low
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
Levinia Lim
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
Linda Lim
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
Benjamin Wong
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
Eveline Silva
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
Kok Pin Ng
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore
Nagaendran Kandiah*
Affiliation:
Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore Duke-NUS, Singapore
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Nagaendran Kandiah, Senior Consultant Neurologist, Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433. Phone: +65 6357 7199; Fax: +65 6357 7137. Email: Nagaendran_Kandiah@nni.com.sg.
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Abstract

Background:

The Visual Cognitive Assessment Test (VCAT) is a language-neutral cognitive screening tool designed for use in culturally diverse populations without the need for translations or adaptations. While it has been established to be language-neutral, the VCAT’s construct validity has not been investigated.

Methods:

471 participants were recruited, comprising 233 healthy comparisons, 117 mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 121 mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. VCAT and domain-specific neuropsychological tests were administered in the same sitting. Construct validity was assessed by analyzing domain-specific associations between the VCAT and well-established cognitive assessments. Reliability (internal consistency) was measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Diagnostic ability (area under the curve) and recommended cutoffs were determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results:

The VCAT and its subdomains demonstrated good construct validity in terms of both convergent and divergent validity and good internal consistency (α = .74). ROC analysis found that the VCAT was on par with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) at distinguishing between healthy comparisons, MCI, and mild AD. Consistent with previous studies, VCAT scores were not affected by language of administration or ethnicity in our cohort. Findings suggest the following cutoffs: Dementia 0–19, MCI 20–24, Normal 25–30.

Conclusion:

This study established the construct validity of the VCAT, which is vital to ensure its subdomains effectively measure the cognitive processes they were designed to. The VCAT is capable of detecting early cognitive impairments and allows for meaningful cross-cultural comparisons, especially useful for international collaborations and clinical trials, and for clinical use in diverse multiethnic populations.

Keywords

dementiamild cognitive impairmentAlzheimer diseaseneuropsychological assessmentreliabilitydiagnostic value
Type
Original Research Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 32 , Issue 1: Issue Theme: Cultural Diversity in Psychogeriatrics , January 2020 , pp. 141 - 149
Copyright
© International Psychogeriatric Association 2019 

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