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Decision-making capacity evaluation in adult guardianship: a systematic review

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 September 2015

Sally McSwiggan ,
Susanne Meares  and
Melanie Porter
Sally McSwiggan*
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
Susanne Meares
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
Melanie Porter
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, Australia
*
Correspondence should be addressed to: Sally McSwiggan, Institute for Biomedical Ethics, Basel University, Bernoullistrasse 28, Basel 4056, Switzerland. Phone: +41 (0) 61 267 17 86, +41 (0) 79 244 75 78; Fax +41 (0) 61 267 17 80. Email: sally.mcswiggan@unibas.ch.
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Abstract

Background:

Evidence of impaired decision-making capacity is a legal requirement for adult guardianship. To understand the quality of the evidence health professionals commonly provide in reports submitted to guardianship courts, a systematic review was undertaken to appraise the design and methodological quality of the published literature on health professionals’ written reports of decision-making capacity and to describe the content of these reports.

Methods:

Electronic searches from 1980 to 2015 identified 1183 articles of which 11 met the inclusion criteria where each evaluated quantitatively the content of health professionals’ written reports submitted to adult guardianship proceedings. Methodological quality of the selected studies was rated using a critical appraisal tool.

Results:

Nine studies sourced files from courts in the U.S. and one from Sweden; another reported on guardianship decisions from Australia. Four studies were rated as moderately strong or strong. Strengths included the use of comparison groups and a reliable and valid instrument to code reports. The review showed a person's medical condition was often cited as evidence of impaired decision-making capacity. Cognitive, psychiatric and functional abilities were less often described, and a person's values and preferences were rarely recorded.

Conclusions:

It is recommended health professionals describe the process by which a person makes a particular decision (their ability to understand, appreciate, reason and communicate) in addition to providing medical information, including cognitive, psychiatric and functional abilities. This approach provides support for a professional's opinion and evidence for a court. International studies of health professionals’ approach to decision-making capacity evaluation are needed.

Keywords

decision-making capacitycompetencyadult guardianshipsystematic review
Type
Review Article
Information
International Psychogeriatrics , Volume 28 , Issue 3 , March 2016 , pp. 373 - 384
Copyright
Copyright © International Psychogeriatric Association 2015 

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