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LA POLITICA INTERNAZIONALE NELL'ERA DELLA GLOBALIZZAZIONE

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Filippo Andreatta

Introduzione

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Come spesso accade ai concetti di gran moda, anche la globalizzazione è presa a prestito nelle accezioni più disparate. Invocato come deus ex machina per spiegare ogni sorta di fenomeno sociale, il concetto rischia di perdere la sua utilità e di non spiegare più nulla (Sartori 1979). Un concetto è infatti utile nella misura in cui specifica un insieme di fenomeni al quale è applicabile, distinguendoli dagli altri. Se un concetto è applicato ad ogni situazione, la sua (sovra-)estensione così generalizzata ne assottiglia l'intensione, cioè la sua capacità di specificare e di spiegare i fenomeni. Un'estensione senza limiti porta ad una completa evanescenza esplicativa perché non si può attribuire la stessa causa ad un fenomeno e al suo contrario. La globalizzazione rischia questo fato in quanto utilizzata in una tale varietà di contesti da rendere estremamente ardua una sua definizione precisa. Se il concetto significa per ciascuno una cosa diversa, allora si entra in una torre di Babele nella quale ognuno parla la propria lingua senza possibilità di confrontarsi con gli altri.

Summary

Summary

This article criticises overly ambitious definitions of globalisation both on theoretical and empirical grounds. Globalisation seems to be a less universal and unprecedented process than often described. It also seems that its most important effects are limited to the economic sphere while in the political one it has not destroyed the traditional organisation of states or the heterogeneous nature of the international system. Its main political effects are twofold. On the one hand, in the more globalised areas, open economies demonstrate and reinforce more peaceful international relations. On the other hand, in the less globalised areas, conflicts may arise between those who want to integrate in the world economy and those who are opposed. The most important political issue arising from globalisation may therefore be the future relationship between the more and the less globalised areas.

Type
Saggi
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 33 , Issue 1 , April 2003 , pp. 3 - 29
Copyright
Copyright © 2003 by Società editrice il Mulino, Bologna 

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