Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-p9bg8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T08:34:24.728Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Economies of Size Among Municipal Water Authorities in Pennsylvania

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2015

J. Dean Jansma
Affiliation:
The Pennsylvania State University

Extract

Water utilities are being subjected to progressively greater economic pressures. The demand for water is increasing, due to both a growing number of customers and rising per capita consumption. Consequently, many utilities are faced with declining reserves of water, necessitating additional investment to develop sources of supply. Frequently, new or enlarged facilities to treat, store and distribute the larger volume of water are required. Public policies, also, are promoting the extension or development of public water systems to serve sparsely populated suburban communities, small towns, and rural areas. All these changes affecting the demand for water, combined with rising construction costs, are causing water utility costs to skyrocket.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Southern Agricultural Economics Association 1973

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

[1]Ackerman, William C., Technical Letter 10, Costs of Wells and Pumps, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, Illinois, July 1968.Google Scholar
[2]Ameen, Joseph S., Community Water Systems Source Book, Fourth Edition, Technical Proceedings, High Point, North Carolina, 1967.Google Scholar
[3]Andrews, Richard A., “Economies Associated with Size of Water Utilities and Communities Served in New Hampshire and New England,Water Resources Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 5, Oct. 1971, pp. 905912.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[4]Bird, Frederick L., “Authorities and Efficient Municipal Management,Monthly Bulletin, Department of Internal Affairs, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, Vol. 18, No. 2, Jan. 1950, pp. 1722.Google Scholar
[5]Bourcier, Donald V. and Forste, Robert H., Economic Analysis of Public Water Supply in the Piscataqua River Watershed, I: An Average Cost Approach, Bulletin 1, Water Resources Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, March 1967.Google Scholar
[6]Daugherty, Arthur B., “Feasibility of Developing Regional Public Water Systems With Emphasis on the Municipal Authority Form of Organization,” Ph. D. Dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University, June 1973.Google Scholar
[7]Dawes, J. H. and Wathne, Magne, Cost of Reservoirs in Illinois, Circular 96, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, Illinois, 1968.Google Scholar
[8]Forste, Robert H. and Christensen, Robert L., Economic Analysis of Public Water Supply in the Piscataqua River Watershed, II: Economic Planning for Water Systems, Bulletin 2, Water Resources Research Center, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, March 1967.Google Scholar
[9]Laws of Pennsylvania, “Municipality Authorities Act of 1935,” Act Number 191, Session of 1935, pp. 463475.Google Scholar
[10]Laws of Pennsylvania, “Municipality Authorities Act of 1945,” Act Number 164, Session of 1945, pp. 382401.Google Scholar
[11 ]Orlob, Gerald T. and Lindorf, Marvin R., “Costs of Water Treatment in California,Journal of American Water Works Association, Vol. 50, No. 1, Jan. 1958, pp. 4555.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
[12]Pennsylvania Department of Commerce, Bureau of Statistics, 1970 Statistics for Water Utilities in Pennsylvania, Release No. U-4-70, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
[13]Pennsylvania Department of Commerce, Bureau of Statistics, “1970 Census of Water Utilities in Pennsylvania,” Form 6, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania (Unpublished).Google Scholar
[14]Pennsylvania Department of Health, Sanitary Engineering, “Case Status-Water Works,Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, April 15, 1970 (Unpublished).Google Scholar
[15]U.S. Senate, “Rural Development Legislation as Amended by The Rural Development Act of 1972, Analysis and Explanation, Public Law 92-419,” 92d Congress, 2d Session, Committee Print, Committee on Agriculture and Forestry, Dec. 12, 1972.Google Scholar
[16]Wolff, Jerome B., “Forecasting Water Requirements for Distribution Systems – Forecasting Residential Requirements,Journal of American Water Works Association, Vol. 49, No. 3, March 1957, pp. 225235.Google Scholar