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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 May 2022
1 See recent work by Jennifer Dubrow, Brannon Ingram and Barton Scott, Nile Green, Justin Jones, Ray Perkins, M. Raisur Rahman, S. Akbar Zaidi, Mu. Qasim Zaman, and Faridah Zaman.
2 Dubrow, Jennifer, Cosmopolitan Dreams: The Making of Modern Urdu Literary Culture in Colonial South Asia (Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2018)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Datla, Kavita, The Language of Secular Islam: Urdu Nationalism and Colonial India (Honolulu: University of Hawai‘i Press, 2013)Google Scholar.
3 Intriguingly, Madīnah first became popular in the big cities (p. 163).