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George Whitefield's ‘Curate’: Gloucestershire Dissent and the Revival
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 March 2011
Extract
Students of the Evangelical Revival may have noted the grateful reference made by George Whitefield to a minister in Gloucester, Thomas Cole, who encouraged him in his youth when he began preaching, and have wished that we knew more of this ‘most venerable dissenting minister’. A few months after Cole's death in 1742, Whitefield tells how he was brought up to ridicule Cole ‘and (with shame I write it) used, when a boy, to run into his meeting-house, and cry, Old Cole! old Cole! old Cole! Being asked once by one of his congregation, what business I would be of? I said, “a minister, but I would take care never to tell stories in the pulpit, like the old Cole”. About twelve years afterwards the old man heard me preach in one of the churches at Gloucester; and on my telling some story to illustrate the subject I was upon, having been informed what I had before said, made this remark to one of his elders, “I find that young Whitefield can now tell stories, as well as old Cole”. Being affected much with my preaching, he was as it were become young again, and used to say, when coming to and returning from Barn, “These are days of the Son of Man indeed!” nay, he was so animated, and so humbled, that he used to subscribe himself my Curate, and went about preaching after me, from place to place’.
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page 369 note 1 Whitefield, G., Works, London 1771, ii. 27–8Google Scholar (Letter DXXIII of 21 June 1743). For the ‘large barn’, which in 1743 was ‘made more commodious’, used for preaching by Whitefield and Howel Harris, in ‘the Friars’ (Friars Court), close to St. Mary de Crypt, Ibid., i. 346 (Letter CCCLXXVIII of 22 December 1741 toj[ohn] C[ennick]), ii. 10, 12 (Letters DIII, DIV, DV of 24 March—2 April 1743); National Library of Wales, Trevecka Letters no. 1152, printed by Roberts, G. M., ed., Selected Trevecka Letters(1742–1747), Caernarvon 1956Google Scholar [hereafter Roberts], 136 (19 March 1743/4); Beynon, T., ed., Howell Harris's Visits to London, Aberystwyth 1960Google Scholar [hereafter Beynon, ii], 183 (23 May 1748), 248 (30 November-3 December 1749). In 1743 Whitefield preached ‘at Quarhouse’, Thrupp, near Stroud, ‘from the tump where old Mr. Cole used to stand’, as well as ‘on [Minchin] Hampton Common, at ‘what the people now call Whitefield's Tump’, a name still in use: Works, ii. 11.
page 370 note 1 For drawing my attention to this broadsheet I thank Mr. John Creasey. I am also indebted to the Rev. C. E. Surman's carded biographies of ministers.
page 370 note 2 Dallimore, A., George Whitefield, i., London 1970Google Scholar [hereafter Dallimore], 45.
page 370 note 3 G. Whitefield, Eighteen Sermons, London 1771, 360.
page 370 note 4 George Whitefield's Journals, London 1960Google Scholar, 61.
page 370 note 5 Ibid., 75. The sounding-board then in use is preserved at St. Mary's.
page 370 note 6 Ibid., 81.
page 370 note 7 Dallimore, 40.
page 371 note 1 George Whitefield's Journals, 86.
page 371 note 2 For an example of the way in which this came about, see an account written in 1844 of the society begun by a convert of Whitefield's, Thomas Adam, at Rodborough, above Stroud, in Congregational Historical Society Transactions [hereafter C.H.S.T.], x. 277–87.
page 371 note 3 George Whitefield's Journals, 201. Though in sympathy with the Revival, Watts was in fact somewhat cool and circumspect in relation to Whitefield.
page 371 note 4 G. Whitefield, Works, i. 14 (Letter XII of 22 April 1736).
page 371 note 5 Ibid., 48 (Letter XLV of 24 April 1739), 51 (Letter LI of 23 July 1739).
page 371 note 6 D.N.B.; Matthews, A. G., Calamy Revised, Oxford 1934Google Scholar [hereafter Calamy Revised]
page 372 note 1 James Forbes, Pastoral Instruction, London 1713, as reprinted by Lloyd, Walter, Brief account of the Protestant Dissenting Meeting-House in Barton Street, Gloucester, Gloucester 1899Google Scholar [hereafter Lloyd], 26. For the Gloucestershire Socinians, see McLachlan, H. J., Socinianism in Seventeenth-century England, Oxford 1951Google Scholar, chapter xii.
page 372 note 2 E. Calamy, Account of the Ministers … Ejected, London 1713, 318.
page 372 note 3 John Owen, Complete Collection of Sermons, London 1721, xxi.
page 372 note 4 John Nickolls, ed., Original Letters, London 1743, 140.
page 372 note 5 Calamy Revised, 202.
page 372 note 6 D.N.B.; Calamy Revised.
page 372 note 7 E. Calamy, Continuation of the Account, London 1727, 494–5.
page 372 note 8 Murdock, K. B., Increase Mather, Cambridge, Mass. 1925CrossRefGoogle Scholar, 65–6, from Mather's MS. autobiography.
page 372 note 9 Bodleian Library Tanner MS. 36.251, as quoted in Calamy Revised.
page 372 note 10 Massachusetts Historical Society Collections [hereafter M.H.S.C], 4s., viii. 581.
page 372 note 11 For the inscription on the stone over his grave, see C.H.S.T., x. 101.
page 372 note 12 Nuttall, G. F., ‘Assembly and Association in Dissent, 1689–1831’, in Councils and Assemblies, ed. Cuming, G. J. and Baker, D. (Studies in Church History, 7), Cambridge 1971Google Scholar [hereafter ‘Assembly and Association’], 299–300, with references.
page 373 note 1 D.N.B., s.v. Wallis. Kitchin, George, Sir Roger L'Estrange, London 1913Google Scholar, conveniently collects the references to Forbes in Calendar of State Papers Domestic but mistakenly identifies him with the James Forbes in Scott's note to Phaleg in ‘Absalom and Achitophel’ (John Dryden, Works, Edinburgh 1808, ix. 368).
page 373 note 2 Smith, Joseph, ed., Bibliotheca Anti-quakeriana, London 1873Google Scholar, 185–6.
page 373 note 3 C.H.S.T., x. 100–4; xix, 67, 199; xx. 155. One source of Forbes's Congregational principles is indicated by his evident attachment to William Greenhill, whose Exposition continued upon the nineteen last chapters of the prophet Ezekiel (1662) he possessed, as also John Davis's Σɛισμμ ɛγας or Heaven and earth shaken (1655) and Samuel Malbon's Death and life, or Sins life, the sinners death; sins death, the saints life (1669), to each of which Greenhill contributed a commendatory epistle. On the flyleaf of the Exposition Forbes wrote: ‘Ex dono Reverendi Authoris qui fuit vere doctus, humilis, Affabilis, mansuetus, et sine dolo Nathaniel’. All three books are now excessively rare. For some asssessment of Greenhill's position after the Restoration, see C.H.S.T., xviii. 19–21.
page 373 note 4 Alexander Gordon, ed., Freedom After Ejection, Manchester 1917 [hereafter Gordon], 266, 287.
page 373 note 5 New College, London, Meen MS. (1798). In what follows, passages for which no reference is given are from this MS.
page 373 note 6 Turner, G. L., ed., Original Documents of Nonconformity Under Persecution and Indulgence, London 1911Google Scholar, i. 371, 389, 490.
page 373 note 7 Caston, M., Independency in Bristol, London and Bristol 1860Google Scholar [hereafter Caston], 56–7; Gordon, 319; ‘Assembly and Association’, 298–300.
page 373 note 8 Printed with Forbes's Pastoral Instruction.
page 373 note 9 D.N.B., following Reynolds's Memoirs, 3rd ed., 1735
page 374 note 1 D.N.B.; Dictionary of Welsh Biography down to 1940, London 1959Google Scholar [hereafter D.W.B.]; Davies, William, The Tewkesbury Academy, Tewkesbury [c. 1905Google Scholar]. The Academy, now the Tudor House Hotel, preserves over the bedroom doors the names of such distinguished pupils as bishop Butler and archbishop Secker.
page 374 note 2 [E. V. Owen], 250 Years: The Story of Castle Street Congregational Church, Abergavenny, 1690–1940, Abergavenny [1940Google Scholar], 7, 11. Cole's predecessor at Abergavenny, Roger Griffith, conformed in 1703 and died soon afterwards in debt: D.W.B.
page 374 note 3 Peter Du Moulin, The Novelty of Popery, 2nd edn., London 1664. For the extreme rarity of this edition, and for the value of the translator's ‘Life’ of his father, see Rimbault, Lucien, Pierre Du Moulin 1568–1658, Paris 1966Google Scholar, 9–12. Also see below, 386.
page 374 note 4 Gordon, A., ed., Cheshire Classis Minutes 1691–1745. London 1919Google Scholar, 133, 168; Lloyd, 17; Wilson, Walter, History of Dissenting Churches … in … London and Westminster, London 1808–1814Google Scholar [hereafter Wilson], i. 397, iii. 384.
page 375 note 1 C.H.S.T., x. 101; Hutton, E., Highways & Byways in Gloucestershire, London 1932Google Scholar, 369. This is now a congregation of the United Reformed Church. The living of the demolished church, St. Owen, was united with that of St. Mary de Crypt.
page 375 note 2 D.N.B.; Caston, 57, 79.
page 375 note 3 D.N.B.; Thickens, J., Howel Harris yn Llundain, Caernarfon [1938Google Scholar] [hereafter Thickens], 94–5 (27 April 1739); Beynon, ii. 2 (16 May 1739); Dr. Williams's Library, Say MSS., printed in C.H.S.T., xix. 86–90. Sir Richard, who was a great-grandson of John Hampden, was a subscriber to Philip Doddridge's Family Expositor.
page 376 note 1 Thomas Hall, Sermon Occasioned by the Much Lamented Death of the Reverend Mr. Thomas Cole, London 1742 [hereafter Hall], 44, 46, 7, with n. *, 46–7. Three copies of this Sermon are preserved in the Library of New College, London: one was formerly in the possession of Isaac Watts and one in that of Elizabeth Cooke, a prominent London Dissenter, who corresponded with Howel Harris and was frequently hostess to him and Whitefield (Trevecka Letters, 176 (27 July 1739); Beynon, i. 49; Nuttall, G. F., Howel Harris, Cardiff 1965Google Scholar, 73. n. 83; George Whitefield's Journals, 290), as she was also to Philip Doddridge, to whose Academy at Northampton she gave many books now at New College, London.
page 376 note 2 Pp. 13, 19. Doddridge sent £1.1.0 (23).
page 376 note 3 Trevecka Letters, no. 362, printed by Rees, T., History of Protestant Nonconformity in Wales, London 1861Google Scholar, 369. Skilful use is made of the Welsh names in Jenkins, R. T., Yng Nghysgod Trefeca, Caernarfon 1968Google Scholar [hereafter Jenkins], 9–37.
page 376 note 4 W. T. Pennar Davies, in Brycheiniog, iii. 37–8. For Jones, see D.N.B.; D.W.B.
page 376 note 5 Notes & Queries, 12th ser., i. ii. 87 (3 February 1917Google Scholar).
page 376 note 6 The only complete file appears to be at Aberystwyth.
page 377 note 1 Williams, J. B., ‘Life of David Simpson’, prefixed to David Simpson, Plea for Religion, new ed. By junior, David Simpson, London 1837Google Scholar, xvii.
page 377 note 2 D.W.B.; Plomer, H. R., Bushnell, G. H., McDix, E. R., eds., Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers … from 1726 to 1775, London 1932Google Scholar, 155.
page 377 note 3 Weekly History, no. 13, 1.
page 377 note 4 Nuttall, G. F., Visible Saints: the Congregational Way 1640–1660, Oxford 1957Google Scholar, 110–14, 97–8. For examples of ‘experiences’ related by candidates for church membership in the eighteenth century, see The Experience of Mr. R[obert] Cruttenden, as Delivered into a Congregation of Christ, in Lime-Street; under the Pastoral Care of the Reverend Mr. [John] Richardson. June 4th. 1743, prefaced and recommended by … George Whitefield, London 1744; and the experience of John Stafford, as delivered c. 1752 on joining in communion with the Congregational church worshipping in New Broad Street, with John Guyse as minister, in Fisher, Daniel, Jesus Christ, a Tried Foundation, London 1800Google Scholar, 24–30. A quasi-liturgical use of letters was practised by the Moravians.
page 377 note 5 Weekly History, no. 69, 4.
page 377 note 6 Thomas Jenkins, who was in full sympathy with the Revival (C.H.S.T., viii. 173), was minister at Stroud, where the meeting-house was registered in 1732 (C.H.S.T., xxi, 92), from 1739 till his death in 1749, aged 40: Knott, R., Bedford Street Congregational Church, Stroud, 1837–1937, [Stroud 1937Google Scholar] [hereafter Knott], 9.
page 377 note 7 Weekly History, no. 74, 4.
page 377 note 8 Ibid., no. 71, 4.
page 378 note 1 Ibid., no. 71, 2–3.
page 378 note 2 Beynon, T., ed., Howel Harris's Visits to Pembrokeshire, Aberystwyth 1966Google Scholar [hereafter Beynon, iii.], 327 (22 June 1741).
page 378 note 3 On Harris, see further Eifion Evans, Howel Harris Evangelist 1714–1773, Cardiff 1974Google Scholar. I have to thank Dr. Evans for checking references in the Trevecka Letters in the National Library of Wales.
page 378 note 4 Jenkins, 90.
page 378 note 5 G. Whitefield, Works, ii. 9 (Letter DIII), 36 (Letter DXXIX).
page 378 note 6 An autobiographical account is prefixed to Cennick's Sacred hymns for the children of God, a copy of the 2nd edn. (London 1741) of which, acquired by Doddridge in 1742, is preserved among Doddridge's books in the Library of New College, London. Nineteen letters of 1740–50 from Harris to Cennick and six of 1741–9 from Cennick to Harris are listed in Jones, M. H., The Trevecka Letters, Caernarvon 1932Google Scholar [hereafter Trevecka Letters].
page 378 note 7 Welch, E., ed., Two Calvinistic Methodist Chapels 1743–1811, London Record Society 1975Google Scholar [hereafter Welch], 22 (Association minutes); Nuttall, Howel Harris, app. 1 (Moravian conference minutes); Beynon, ii. 78 (Harris's account).
page 378 note 8 Trevecka Letters, no. 853 (John Lewis to Harris, 8 April 1743), printed in Roberts, 91.
page 378 note 9 John Wesley, Journal.
page 378 note 10 Beynon, ii. 23 (11 October 1741).
page 378 note 11 The date (3 December 1751) when Thomas Gibbons heard of Humphreys's conforming (C.H.S.T., i. 323) points to his identity with the ‘Mr. Humphries then minister at Bradford-on-Avon, who conformed at this time (C.H.S.T., xiv. 42–3).
page 379 note 1 Asher Humphreys's ministry at Burford is recorded in the Evans MS. (Dr. Williams's Library). In April 1742 Humphreys ‘preached to a little flock at Burford’ (Weekly History, no. 59, 2), in June 1743 Whitefield preached there (Works, ii. 25: Letter DXXI), and in November 1744 and January 1746 Harris met Humphreys there (Beynon, ii. 58, 84).
page 379 note 2 Thickens, 332–3. Five letters of 1742–3 from Harris to Humphreys and one of 1745 from Humphreys to Harris are listed in Trevecka Letters.
page 379 note 3 G. Whitefield, Works, i. 471 (Letter CCCCLXXXIX).
page 379 note 4 Beynon, T., ed., Howell Harris, Reformer and Soldier, Caernarvon 1958Google Scholar [hereafter Beynon, i.), 56 (30 September 1743); Beynon, ii. 22 (18June 1740), 83 (29 january 1746, where the correct reading is ‘Mrs.’ Cole), 248 (3 December 1749).
page 379 note 5 Trevecka Letters, no. 607, printed in Roberts, 38.
page 379 note 6 In addition to the villages or hamlets north-east of Chippenham mentioned in the text, together with Avon, where a General Association was held in April 1744 (Beynon, ii. 32 as ‘Afon by Tetherton’), there was preaching at Somerford, Dauntsey, Christian Malford, Tytherton, Foxham, Preston and Langley Burrell (Weekly History, passim); but in December 1745, whereas Gloucestershire remained ‘under our care’, it was agreed to leave ‘Wiltshire to Bro. Cennick’ (Beynon, ii. 80), and by 1747 work in Wiltshire was maintained at only the last three places listed above (Welch, 23). The receptiveness of North Wiltshire is unexplained. The only Dissenting congregation was at Brinkworth, which existed in 1690 (Gordon, 124); here a Methodist, the Welshman Christopher Mends, became minister in 1749 (D.W.B.).
page 380 note 1 Weekly History, no. 42, 3–4; no. 59, 2 and 4; no. 63, 2; no. 75, 3; no. 77, 1.
page 380 note 2 Hall, 46 and 20.
page 380 note 3 C.H.S.T., ii. 50.
page 380 note 4 Wilson, ii. 253; i. 252, n.
page 380 note 5 C.H.S.T., xiv. 89.
page 380 note 6 Wilson, ii. 198, n. 2. Hall came to London from Lavenham, Suffolk, where, after gathering a Congregational church, he was ordained in 1715: Browne, John, History of Congregationalism … in Norfolk and Suffolk, London 1877 [hereafter Browne], 517.Google Scholar
page 380 note 7 For Robert Wright (1743), John Hill (1746), Zephaniah Marryat (1754) and Thomas Bradbury (1759): in some of these sermons Hall quotes in the Revival manner from letters written by the deceased.
page 380 note 8 For Thomas Gibbons (1743), John Rogers (1745), Thomas Towle (1748), John Stafford (1758), James Webb (1758), Richard Winter (1759): Wilson, iii. 178, iv. 326, ii. 548, 244; iii. 461, 538; also for William Porter, see John Conder, Sermon Preached at the Ordination of … William Porter, London 1756.
page 380 note 9 Tibbutt, H. G., ed., Some Early Nonconformist Church Books, Bedfordshire Historical Record Society, 51, 1972, 76.Google Scholar
page 380 note 10 Coleman, T., Memorials of the Independent Churches in Northamptonshire, London 1853, 71.Google Scholar
page 380 note 11 Timpson, T., Church History of Kent, London 1859 [hereafter Timpson), 469.Google Scholar
page 380 note 12 G. Whitefield, Account of Money Received, 25.
page 380 note 13 Beynon, ii, 45, 75, 64, cf. also 42 (misprinted Hale), 63, 66; Beynon, i, 36, cf. also 14, 39; for a visit by Harris to Hall, see Thickens, 152.
page 380 note 14 Thickens, 269 (6 May 1740).
page 381 note 1 Beynon, iii. 327 (1 August 1741).
page 381 note 2 ‘Published this day price 3d.’: Weekly History, no. 81,4 (23 October 1742) and no. 82, 4 (13 November 1742).
page 381 note 3 Trevecka Letters, no. 307, as quoted (in Welsh translation) by Thickens, 435: Whitefield's letter to Harris was probably Letter ccxxx of 9 November 1740, sent at the same time as Letters ccxxix to j[ohn] W[esley] and ccxxxii to ‘Mr. M[ason], at London’ (G. Whitefield, Works, i. 219–22). Two earlier letters from Mason to Harris, and letters from Whitefield to Mason, are listed in Trevecka Letters. For visits by Harris to Mason in 1739–41, 1743 and 1748–9, see Thickens, 155 (where for ‘Trope’ read ‘Tripe’), 380, 383, and Beynon, ii. 23, i. 49, 54, ii. 61, 209, 227. For Mason, see further Plomer, H. R., Bushnell, G. H., McDix, E. R., eds., Dictionary of the Printers and Booksellers … from 1726 to 1775, London 1932, 164.Google Scholar
page 381 note 4 Congregational Library, London, Reed MS., 48, printed by Humphreys, J. D., ed., Correspondence and Diary of Philip Doddridge, London 1829–1831 [hereafter Humphreys], iv. 111.Google Scholar
page 381 note 5 Ibid., 61/2, omitted from the letter as printed in Humphreys, iv. 145; New College, London, MS. L1/10/59 (shorthand, signed and addressed by Doddridge), printed in Humphreys, iv. 222.
page 381 note 6 Cf. Doddridge's diary, in New College, London, MS. L 94 (shorthand), printed in Humphreys, v. 458, and letter of 12 July 1743 in Congregational Library, Reed MS., 90, printed in Humphreys, iv. 259–62; also letter of 29 September 1743 from Thomas Seeker, then bishop of Oxford, printed in Humphreys, iv. 273: ‘You were much to blame in not letting me see you at Gloucester’.
page 381 note 7 Beynon, i. 56.
page 382 note 1 Beynon, ii. 108, 183, 248.
page 382 note 2 Since it appears likely that the congregation was that at Bradford-on-Avon (C.H.S.T., xx. 128), the man who in fact became its minister (he certainly answered to its requirements) was Joseph Humphreys.
page 382 note 3 New College, London, MS. L1/8/97 (omitted from the letter as printed in Humphreys, iv. 450–1) and 96. For Pearsall, see D.N.B. In 1759 Pearsall's nephew by marriage, Richard Winter, declined an invitation to Bradford-on-Avon, preferring to become assistant to Thomas Bradbury: in the service on this occasion Olding took part, as also did Thomas Hall, to whom Winter had earlier been assistant, and whose funeral Sermon Winter preached in 1762: Wilson, iii. 537–42.
page 382 note 4 Timpson, 350. A copy of Isaac Watts's Ruin and Recovery of Mankind, 2nd edn., London 1740, inscribed by Doddridge ‘In usum Acad. North. Ex dono Rev. Dom. I. Olding’ is preserved in the Library of New College, London.
page 382 note 5 A copy is bound up with the volume of funeral sermons by Thomas Hall at Dr. Williams's Library.
page 383 note 1 D.N.B.
page 383 note 2 C.H.S.T., ii. 60; Jones, J. A., ed., Bunhill Memorials, London 1849 [hereafter Bunhill Memorials], 207.Google Scholar
page 383 note 3 G. Whitefield, Works, i. 94 (Letter XCIV of 10 November 1739, from Whitefield to Philips).
page 383 note 4 Trevecka Letters, no. 185 (24 August 1739, from Philips to Harris). In October 1741 Harris preached at Newbury in Philips's meeting-house: Weekly History, no. 28, 1.
page 383 note 5 Summers, W. H., History of the Congregational Churches in the Berks, South Oxon and South Bucks Association, Newbury 1905 [hereafter Summers), 143. Philips was a brother-in-law of Richard Pearsall.Google Scholar
page 383 note 6 Summers, 39–40.
page 383 note 7 Wilson, iii. 299–302, with engraving of portrait (preserved at Hare Court, now in Islington); ii. 253; i. 252, n.
page 383 note 8 C.H.S.T., xiv. 90; ii. 55.
page 383 note 9 Beynon, i. 55 (25 September 1743).
page 383 note 10 Knott, 9–12.
page 383 note 11 Beaven, W. J., Bristol Congregational Monthly, xvii (March 1941).Google Scholar
page 383 note 12 C.H.S.T., xxi. 92; since Whitefield's uncle, Andrew Whitefield of Thornbury, had died in 1730 (Ibid., n. 41), it is assumed that this Andrew Whitefield was his cousin.
page 384 note 1 Daniel, E., Cornelius Winter Memorial Congregational Church, Painswick, [1956]Google Scholar, 11. Bedworth in Warwickshire, where Adam ministered from 1751 to 1762, and Soham in Cambridgeshire, where he was when he signed A Modern Pattern for Gospel Ministers, were both well established Congregational churches, formed in 1686 and 1693 respectively: Sibree, J. and Caston, M., Independency in Warwickshire, Coventry and London 1855, 166Google Scholar: London Congregational Instructor or Congregational Magazine, ii, (1819). 814 as Thomas Adam; C.H.S.T., vi. 417. At the time when Adam was minister of the Congregational church at Soham, the minister of the Baptist church there, from which Andrew Fuller came, was named John Eve: according to oral tradition Soham was consequently known as Paradise.
page 384 note 2 Victoria County History of Wiltshire, vi. 32.
page 384 note 3 C.H.S.T., i. 390; Timpson, 410–11.
page 384 note 4 L., E. M., Records and Traditions of Upton-on-Severn, 1869Google Scholar; Mayglothling, J., The Worcestershire Baptist Association 1836–1913, [1914], 17.Google Scholar
page 384 note 5 Pennar Davies, in Brycheiniog, iii. 33, draws attention to Llwynllwyd as an ‘important link between the old Puritanism and the Methodist Revival’.
page 384 note 6 D.W.B.; McLachlan, H., English Education under the Test Acts, Manchester 1931 [hereafter McLachlan], 92–3.Google Scholar
page 384 note 7 D.N.B.; McLachlan, 92.
page 384 note 8 D.W.B.; G. F. Nuttall, ‘Questions and Answers: an eighteendi-century correspondence’, in Baptist Quarterly (forthcoming)
page 385 note 1 Browne, 484.
page 385 note 2 Urwick, W., Nonconformity in Herts., London 1884, 546.Google Scholar
page 385 note 3 C.H.S.T., xviii. 44 (the reference to Hoxton Academy is erroneous).
page 385 note 4 Densham, W. and Ogle, J., The Story of the Congregational Churches of Dorset, Bournemouth 1899. 347–5.Google Scholar
page 385 note 5 H. P. Roberts, ‘Robert Raikes, 1735–1811’, in Cylchgrawn Cymdeithas Eglwys Methodistiaid Calfinaidd Cymru, xxi. 2 (June 1936), 35.
page 385 note 6 Robert Raikes and Northamptonshire Sunday Schools. Historical and Biographical Account of the Raikes Family, London & Northampton 1880, 36.Google Scholar
page 385 note 7 D.N.B.
page 385 note 8 Dallimore, 80; G. Whitefield, Works, i. 29 (Letter XXVII of 25 October 1737); cf. George Whitefield's Journals, 87–9.
page 385 note 9 Beynon, i. 74 (2 August 1760).
page 386 note 1 C.H.S.T., x. 183–90, 228–32; Robert Raikes and Northamptonshire Sunday Schools, 44. The Dursley Dissenter's name was William King, and the first Sunday School opened in Gloucester was in the house of a Mr. King (Ibid., 7); if the William King of London who signed A Modern Pattern, and who was a native of Wiltshire, was of the same family, this might explain his claim to ‘intimate Acquaintance’ with Cole, which is not otherwise accounted for. The founder of the Sunday School Society in London, William Fox, was a Gloucestershire Baptist, from Beddome's church at Bourton-on-the-Water: D.N.B.; D. E. Jenkins, Life of the Rev. Thomas Charles, 2nd ed. Denbigh 1910, ii. 12.
page 386 note 2 ‘This Proverb is said to have its Rise, on Account that there were more rich and mitred Abbies in that, than in any two Shires in England besides; but some, from William of Malmesbury, refer it to the Fruitfulness of it in Religion, in that it is said to have returned the seed of the Gospel with the Increase of an hundred Fold’: N. Bailey, Universal Etymological English Dictionary, 13th ed., London 1749, s.v. Gloucestershire.