Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-15T15:23:12.913Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Investor Behavior at the 52-Week High

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 December 2022

Joshua Della Vedova*
Affiliation:
University of San Diego Knauss School of Business
Andrew Grant
Affiliation:
University of Sydney Business School andrew.grant@sydney.edu.au
P. Joakim Westerholm
Affiliation:
University of Sydney Business School joakim.westerholm@sydney.edu.au
*
jdellavedova@sandiego.edu (corresponding author)
Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Core share and HTML view are not available for this content. However, as you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.

This study uncovers how household investors intensify the effect of the 52-week high (52WH): increased volume and momentum-like returns at the 52WH price. Using daily household and institutional trading data, we find that households sharply increase their selling, particularly with limit orders at the 52WH price. This behavior is indicative of anchoring, as it is robust to past returns and intensified by proximity, market uncertainty, and salience of the 52WH. This uninformed limit order selling at and prior to the 52WH leads to a doubling of unconditional 52WH anomaly returns. Post-event returns benefit institutions, which act as counterparties.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2022. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Michael G. Foster School of Business, University of Washington

Footnotes

We thank the anonymous referee, Henk Berkman, Justin Birru, Barbara Bliss, Jennifer Conrad (the editor), Jared DeLisle, Ruchith Dissanayake, Mark Grinblatt, David Hunter, Petko Kalev, Markku Kaustia, Andrew Urquhart, and Mitch Warachka for their valuable feedback that shaped this article. We also wish to thank the seminar participants at the 2017 Australasian Finance and Banking Conference, the 2018 Financial Markets and Corporate Governance Conference, the 2018 University of Melbourne seminar series, the 2018 University of Queensland seminar series, the 2018 European Financial Management Association annual meeting, the 2018 Financial Management Association annual meeting, the 2018 Financial Research Network annual meeting, and the 2019 American Finance Association annual meeting for their comments.

References

Acharya, V. V., and Pedersen, L. H.. “Asset Pricing with Liquidity Risk.” Journal of Financial Economics, 77 (2005), 375410.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
An, L.Asset Pricing When Traders Sell Extreme Winners and Losers.” Review of Financial Studies, 29 (2016), 823861.Google Scholar
Aragon, G. O., and Dieckmann, S.. “Stock Market Trading Activity and Returns Around Milestones.” Journal of Empirical Finance, 18 (2011), 570584.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M.; Lee, Y.-T.; Liu, Y.-J.; and Odean, T.. “Just How Much Do Individual Investors Lose by Trading?Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2008), 609632.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Odean, T.. “Trading is Hazardous to Your Wealth: The Common Stock Investment Performance of Individual Investors.” Journal of Finance, 55 (2000), 773806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. M., and Odean, T.. “All That Glitters: The Effect of Attention and News on the Buying Behavior of Individual and Institutional Investors.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2007), 785818.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barrot, J.-N.; Kaniel, R.; and Sraer, D.. “Are Retail Traders Compensated for Providing Liquidity?Journal of Financial Economics, 120 (2016), 146168.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ben-David, I., and Hirshleifer, D.. “Beyond the Disposition Effect: Do Investors Really Like Realizing Gains More Than Losses.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 24852532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bhattacharya, U.; Holden, C. W.; and Jacobsen, S.. “Penny Wise, Dollar Foolish: Buy–Sell Imbalances On and Around Round Numbers.” Management Science, 58 (2012), 413431.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bian, J.; Chan, K.; Shi, D.; and Zhou, H.. “Do Behavioral Biases Affect Order Aggressiveness?Review of Finance, 22 (2018), 11211151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Birru, J. “Psychological Barriers, Expectational Errors, and Underreaction to News.” Working Paper No. 2014–03, Charles A. Dice Center (2015).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blau, B. M.; DeLisle, R. J.; and Whitby, R. J.. “Does Probability Weighting Drive Lottery Preferences?Journal of Behavioral Finance, 21 (2020), 233247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bloomfield, R.; O’Hara, M.; and Saar, G.. “How Noise Trading Affects Markets: An Experimental Analysis.” Review of Financial Studies, 22 (2009), 22752302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daniel, K.; Hirshleifer, D.; and Subrahmanyam, A.. “Investor Psychology and Security Market Under- and Over-reactions.” Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), 18391885.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and French, K. R.. “Common Risk Factors in the Returns on Stocks and Bonds.” Journal of Financial Economics, 33 (1993), 356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fama, E. F., and MacBeth, J. D.. “Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests.” Journal of Political Economy, 81 (1973), 607636.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fong, K. Y. L.; Gallagher, D. R.; and Lee, A. D.. “Individual Investors and Broker Types.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 49 (2014), 431451.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fong, K.; Krug, J. D.; Leung, H.; and Westerholm, J.. “Determinants of Household Broker Choices and Their Impacts on Performance.” Journal of Banking and Finance, 112 (2020), 105573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, T. J., and Hwang, C.-Y.. “The 52-Week High and Momentum Investing.” Journal of Finance, 59 (2004), 21452176.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Han, B.. “Prospect Theory, Mental Accounting, and Momentum.” Journal of Financial Economics, 78 (2005), 311339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Keloharju, M.. “The Investment Behavior and Performance of Various Investor Types: A Study of Finland’s Unique Data Set.” Journal of Financial Economics, 55 (2000), 4367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grinblatt, M., and Keloharju, M.. “How Distance, Language, and Culture Influence Stockholdings and Trades.” Journal of Finance, 56 (2001), 10531073.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Han, B., and Kumar, A.. “Speculative Retail Trading and Asset Prices.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 48 (2013), 377404.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Huddart, S.; Lang, M.; and Yetman, M. H.. “Volume and Price Patterns Around a Stock’s 52-Week Highs and Lows: Theory and Evidence.” Management Science, 55 (2009), 1631.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hvidkjaer, S.Small Trades and the Cross-Section of Stock Returns.” Review of Financial Studies, 21 (2008), 11231151.Google Scholar
Jegadeesh, N., and Titman, S.. “Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency.” Journal of Finance, 48 (1993), 6591.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaniel, R., and Liu, H.. “So What Orders do Informed Traders Use?Journal of Business, 79 (2006), 18671913.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaniel, R.; Saar, G.; and Titman, S.. “Individual Investor Trading and Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 63 (2008), 273310.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, E. K., and Tetlock, P. C.. “How Wise are Crowds? Insights from Retail Orders and Stock Returns.” Journal of Finance, 68 (2013), 12291265.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kumar, A.Hard-to-Value Stocks, Behavioral Biases, and Informed Trading.” Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44 (2009), 13751401.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linnainmaa, J. T.Do Limit Orders Alter Inferences About Investor Performance and Behavior?Journal of Finance, 65 (2010), 14731506.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nagel, S.Evaporating Liquidity.” Review of Financial Studies, 25 (2012), 20052039.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newey, W., and West, K.. “A Simple Positive-Definite Heteroskedasticity and Autocorrelation-Consistent Covariance Matrix.” Econometrica, 55 (1987), 703708.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Odean, T.Are Investors Reluctant to Realize Their Losses?Journal of Finance, 53 (1998), 17751798.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pastor, L., and Stambaugh, R. F.. “Liquidity Risk and Expected Stock Returns.” Journal of Political Economy, 111 (2003), 642685.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Peng, L., and Xiong, W.. “Investor Attention, Overconfidence and Category Learning.” Journal of Financial Economics, 80 (2006), 563602.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shefrin, H., and Statman, M.. “The Disposition to Sell Winners Too Early and Ride Losers Too Long: Theory and Evidence.” Journal of Finance, 40 (1985), 777790.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoffman, N.Who Trades with Whom? Individuals, Institutions, and Returns.” Journal of Financial Markets, 21 (2014), 5075.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D.. “Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.” Science, 185 (1974), 11241131.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tversky, A., and Kahneman, D.. “Advances in Prospect Theory: Cumulative Representation of Uncertainty.” Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 5 (1992), 297323.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, H.; Yan, J.; and Yu, J.. “Reference-Dependent Preferences and the Risk–Return Trade-Off.” Journal of Financial Economics, 123 (2017), 395414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, H.A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity.” Econometrica, 48 (1980), 817838.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yuan, Y.Market-Wide Attention, Trading, and Stock Returns.” Journal of Financial Economics, 116 (2015), 548564.CrossRefGoogle Scholar