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Inverse Leidenfrost impacting drops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  03 January 2025

Kindness Isukwem ,
Carole-Ann Charles ,
Ty Phou ,
Laurence Ramos ,
Christian Ligoure Open the ORCID record for Christian Ligoure [Opens in a new window] ,
Elie Hachem  and
Anselmo Pereira Open the ORCID record for Anselmo Pereira [Opens in a new window]
Kindness Isukwem
Affiliation:
Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Material Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis, France
Carole-Ann Charles
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
Ty Phou
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
Laurence Ramos
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
Christian Ligoure
Affiliation:
Laboratoire Charles Coulomb (L2C), Université de Montpellier, CNRS, 34090 Montpellier, France
Elie Hachem
Affiliation:
Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Material Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis, France
Anselmo Pereira*
Affiliation:
Mines Paris, PSL University, Centre for Material Forming (CEMEF), UMR CNRS 7635, rue Claude Daunesse, 06904 Sophia-Antipolis, France
*
†Email address for correspondence: anselmo.soeiro_pereira@mines-paristech.fr
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Abstract

We investigate the spreading of falling ambient-temperature Newtonian drops after their normal impact on a quartz plate covered with a thin layer of liquid nitrogen. As a drop expands, liquid nitrogen evaporates, generating a vapour film that maintains the drop in levitation. Consequently, the latter spreads in inverse Leidenfrost conditions. Three drop-spreading regimes are observed: (i) inertio-capillary, (ii) inertio-viscous, and (iii) inertio-viscous-capillary. In the first regime, although the drop expansion is essentially driven by a competition between inertial and capillary stresses, it is also affected by viscous effects emerging from the vapour film, which ultimately favours the development of a shear flow within the drop. Interestingly, vapour film effects become marginal in both the second and third regimes, allowing the drop to undergo biaxial extension primarily. More specifically, in the inertio-viscous scenario, the expansion is driven by the balance between inertial and biaxial extensional viscous stresses in the drop. Finally, inertia, capillarity and drop viscosity are all relevant in the third regime. These physical mechanisms are underlined through a mixed approach combining experiments with multiphase three-dimensional numerical simulations in light of spreading dynamics analyses, energy transfer and scaling laws. Our results are rationalized in a two-dimensional diagram linking the drops’ maximum expansion and spreading time with the observed spreading regimes through a single dimensionless parameter given by the square root of the capillary number (the ratio of the viscous stress to the capillary stress).

JFM classification

Drops and Bubbles: Drops
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 1002 , 10 January 2025 , A32
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press

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