Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-4rdpn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-13T01:42:51.781Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Boundary-layer hydrodynamics and bedload sediment transport in oscillating water tunnels

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 November 2010

DAVID GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ  and
OLE SECHER MADSEN
DAVID GONZALEZ-RODRIGUEZ*
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
OLE SECHER MADSEN
Affiliation:
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
*
†Present address: Institut Curie, UMR 168, 11–13 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France. Email address for correspondence: davidgr@alum.mit.edu
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Oscillating water tunnels are experimental facilities commonly used in coastal engineering research. They are intended to reproduce near-bed hydrodynamic and sediment transport phenomena at a realistic scale. In an oscillating water tunnel, a piston generates an oscillatory motion that propagates almost instantaneously to the whole tunnel; consequently, flow is uniform along the tunnel, unlike the propagating wave motion in the sea or in a wave flume. This results in subtle differences between the boundary-layer hydrodynamics of an oscillating water tunnel and of a propagating wave, which may have a significant effect in the resulting sediment transport. In this paper, we present a zeroth-order analytical model of the turbulent boundary-layer hydrodynamics in an oscillating water tunnel. By using a time-varying eddy viscosity and by accounting for the constraints arising from the tunnel's geometry, the model predicts the oscillating water tunnel hydrodynamics and yields analytical expressions to compute bed shear stresses for asymmetric and skewed waves, both in the absence or presence of an imposed current. These expressions are applied to successfully quantify bedload sediment transport in oscillating water tunnel experiments.

JFM classification

Geophysical and Geological Flows: Coastal engineering Geophysical and Geological Flows: Sediment transport Turbulent Flows: Turbulent boundary layers
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 667 , 25 January 2011 , pp. 48 - 84
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2010

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

van der A, D. A., O'Donoghue, T., Davies, A. G. & Ribberink, J. S. 2008 Effects of acceleration skewness on rough bed oscillatory boundary layer flow. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 1583–1595. World Scientific.Google Scholar
van der A, D. A., O'Donoghue, T. & Ribberink, J. S. 2010 Measurements of sheet flow transport in acceleration-skewed oscillatory flow and comparison with practical formulations. Coastal Engng 57, 331–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abramowitz, M. & Stegun, I. A. 1965 Handbook of Mathematical Functions. Dover.Google Scholar
Ahmed, A. S. M. & Sato, S. 2003 A sheetflow transport model for asymmetric oscillatory flows. Part I. Uniform grain size sediments. Coast. Engng J. 45 (3), 321–337.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bosboom, J. & Klopman, G. 2000 Intra-wave sediment transport modeling. In Proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2453–2466. ASCE.Google Scholar
Calantoni, J. & Puleo, J. A. 2006 Role of pressure gradients in sheet flow of coarse sediments under sawtooth waves. J. Geophys. Res. 111, C01010.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clauser, F. H. 1956 The turbulent boundary layer. Adv. Appl. Mech. 4, 1–51.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davies, A. G. & Li, Z. 1997 Modelling sediment transport beneath regular symmetrical and asymmetrical waves above a plane bed. Cont. Shelf Res. 17, 555–582.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dibajnia, M. & Watanabe, A. 1992 Sheet flow under nonlinear waves and currents. In Proceedings of the 23rd International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 2015–2028. ASCE.Google Scholar
Dohmen-Janssen, C. M. 1999 Grain size influence on sediment transport in oscillatory sheet flow. Phase lags and mobile-bed effects. PhD thesis, Technical Univeristy of Delft, Delft, Netherlands.Google Scholar
Dohmen-Janssen, C. M., Hassan, W. N. & Ribberink, J. S. 2001 Mobile-bed effects in oscillatory sheet flow. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (C11), 27103–27115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dohmen-Janssen, C. M., Kroekenstoel, D. F., Hassan, W. N. & Ribberink, J. S. 2002 Phase lags in oscillatory sheet flow: experiments and bed load modelling. Coast. Engng 46 (1), 61–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Drake, T. G. & Calantoni, J. 2001 Discrete particle model for sheet flow sediment transport in the near-shore. J. Geophys. Res. 106 (C9), 19859–19868.Google Scholar
Elfrink, B., Hanes, D. M. & Ruessink, B. G. 2006 Parameterization and simulation of near bed orbital velocities under irregular waves in shallow water. Coast. Engng 53 (11), 915–927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster, D. L., Guenther, R. A. & Holman, R. A. 1999 An analytical solution to the wave bottom boundary layer governing equation under arbitrary wave forcing. Ocean Engng 26, 595–623.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fuhrman, D. R., Fredsoe, J. & Sumer, B. M. 2009 Bed slope effects on turbulent wave boundary layers. Part 2. Comparison with skewness, asymmetry, and other effects. J. Geophys. Res. 114, C03025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Rodriguez, D. 2009 Wave boundary layer hydrodynamics and cross-shore sediment transport in the surf zone. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Gonzalez-Rodriguez, D. & Madsen, O. S. 2007 Seabed shear stress and bedload transport due to asymmetric and skewed waves. Coast. Engng 54 (12), 914–929.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzalez-Rodriguez, D. & Madsen, O. S. 2008 Bedload transport due to asymmetric and skewed waves plus a current. In Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 1596–1605. World Scientific.Google Scholar
Grant, W. D. & Madsen, O. S. 1979 Combined wave and current interaction with a rough bottom. J. Geophys. Res. 84 (C4), 1797–1808.Google Scholar
Hassan, W. N. & Ribberink, J. S. 2005 Transport processes of uniform and mixed sands in oscillatory sheet flow. Coast. Engng 52 (9), 745–770.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, S. M., Allen, J. S. & Newberger, P. A. 2004 Near-shore sandbar migration predicted by an eddy-diffusive boundary layer model. J. Geophys. Res. 109, C06024.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Herrmann, M. J. & Madsen, O. S. 2007 Effect of stratification due to suspended sand on velocity and concentration distribution in unidirectional flows. J. Geophys. Res. 112, C02006.Google Scholar
Hoefel, F. & Elgar, S. 2003 Wave-induced sediment transport and sandbar migration. Science 299, 1885–1887.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Holmedal, L. E. & Myrhaug, D. 2006 Boundary layer flow and net sediment transport beneath asymmetrical waves. Cont. Shelf Res. 26, 252–268.Google Scholar
Holmedal, L. E. & Myrhaug, D. 2009 Wave-induced steady streaming, mass transport and net sediment transport in rough turbulent ocean bottom boundary layers. Cont. Shelf Res. 29, 911–926.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, T.-J., Elgar, S. & Guza, R. T. 2006 Wave-induced sediment transport and onshore sandbar migration. Coast. Engng 53 (10), 817–824.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hsu, T.-J. & Hanes, D. M. 2004 Effects of wave shape on sheet flow sediment transport. J. Geophys. Res. 109, C05025.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jimenez, J. A. & Madsen, O. S. 2003 A simple formula to estimate settling velocity of natural sediments. J. Waterw. Port Coast. Ocean Engng 129 (2), 70–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jonsson, I. G. & Carlsen, N. A. 1976 Experimental and theoretical investigations in an oscillatory turbulent boundary layer. J. Hydraul. Res. 46, 75–123.Google Scholar
King, D. B. 1991 Studies in oscillatory flow bedload sediment transport. PhD thesis, University of California, San Diego.Google Scholar
Liu, H. & Sato, S. 2006 A two-phase flow model for asymmetric sheetflow conditions. Coast. Engng 53 (10), 825–843.Google Scholar
Longuet-Higgins, M. S. 1953 Mass transport in water waves. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 245, 535–581.Google Scholar
Madsen, O. S. 1991 Mechanics of cohesionless sediment transport in coastal waters. In Proceedings of Coastal Sediments '91, pp. 15–27. ASCE.Google Scholar
Madsen, O. S. 2002 Sediment transport outside the surf zone. In Coastal Engineering Manual (ed. Walton, T.), pp. III-6-1–III-6-69. US Army Corps of Engineers.Google Scholar
Madsen, O. S. & Grant, W. D. 1976 Quantitative description of sediment transport by waves. In Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 1093–1112. ASCE.Google Scholar
Nielsen, P. 2006 Sheet flow sediment transport under waves with acceleration skewness and boundary layer streaming. Coast. Engng 53 (9), 749–758.Google Scholar
O'Donoghue, T. & Wright, S. 2004 Flow tunnel measurements of velocities and sand flux in oscillatory sheet flow for well-sorted and graded sands. Coast. Engng 51 (11–12), 1163–1184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribberink, J. S. 1998 Bed-load transport for steady flows and unsteady oscillatory flows. Coast. Engng 34 (1–2), 59–82.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ribberink, J. S. & Al-Salem, A. A. 1994 Sediment transport in oscillatory boundary layers in cases of rippled beds and sheet flow. J. Geophys. Res. 99 (C6), 12707–12727.Google Scholar
Ribberink, J. S. & Al-Salem, A. A. 1995 Sheet flow and suspension of sand in oscillatory boundary layers. Coast. Engng 25 (3–4), 205–225.Google Scholar
Ribberink, J. S., van der Werf, J. J., O'Donoghue, T. & Hassan, W. N. M. 2008 Sand motion induced by oscillating flows: sheet flow and vortex ripples. J. Turbul. 9, 1–32.Google Scholar
van Rijn, L. C., Walstra, D. J. R., Grasmeijer, B., Sutherland, J., Pan, S. & Sierra, J. P. 2003 The predictability of cross-shore bed evolution of sandy beaches at the time scale of storms and seasons using process-based profile models. Coastal Engng 47, 295–327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ruessink, B. G., van den Berg, T. J. J. & van Rijn, L. C. 2009 Modeling sediment transport beneath skewed asymmetric waves above a plane bed. J. Geophys. Res. 114, C11021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silva, P. A., Temperville, A. & Santos, F. S. 2006 Sand transport under combined current and wave conditions: a semi-unsteady, practical model. Coast. Engng 53, 897–913.Google Scholar
Suntoyo, Tanaka H. & Sana, A. 2008 Characteristics of turbulent boundary layers over a rough bed under saw-tooth waves and its application to sediment transport. Coast. Engng 55, 1102–1112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trowbridge, J. 1983 Wave-induced turbulent flow near a rough bed: implications of a time-varying eddy viscosity. PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA.Google Scholar
Trowbridge, J. & Madsen, O. S. 1984 a Turbulent wave boundary layers. Part 1. Model formulation and first-order solution. J. Geophys. Res. 89 (C5), 7989–7997.Google Scholar
Trowbridge, J. & Madsen, O. S. 1984 b Turbulent wave boundary layers. Part 2. Second-order theory and mass transport. J. Geophys. Res. 89 (C5), 7999–8007.Google Scholar
Watanabe, A. & Sato, S. 2004 A sheet-flow transport rate formula for asymmetric, forward-leaning waves and currents. In Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Coastal Engineering, pp. 1703–1714. World Scientific.Google Scholar
van der Werf, J. J., Schretlen, J. J. L. M., Ribberink, J. S. & O'Donoghue, T. 2009 Database of full-scale laboratory experiments on wave-driven sand transport processes. Coast. Engng 56 (7), 726–732.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yu, X., Hsu, T.-J. & Hanes, D. M. 2010 Sediment transport under wave groups: relative importance between nonlinear waveshape and nonlinear boundary layer streaming. J. Geophys. Res. 115, C02013.CrossRefGoogle Scholar