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Delaying the onset of dynamic wetting failure through meniscus confinement

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 July 2012

Eric Vandre ,
Marcio S. Carvalho  and
Satish Kumar
Eric Vandre
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
Marcio S. Carvalho*
Affiliation:
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontificia Universidade Catòlica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-041, Brazil
Satish Kumar*
Affiliation:
Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
*
†Email addresses for correspondence: msc@puc-rio.br, kumar030@umn.edu
†Email addresses for correspondence: msc@puc-rio.br, kumar030@umn.edu
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Abstract

Dynamic wetting is crucial to processes where liquid displaces another fluid along a solid surface, such as the deposition of a coating liquid onto a moving substrate. Numerous studies report the failure of dynamic wetting past some critical process speed. However, the hydrodynamic factors that influence the transition to wetting failure remain poorly understood from an empirical and theoretical perspective. The objective of this investigation is to determine the effect of meniscus confinement on the onset of dynamic wetting failure. A novel experimental system is designed to simultaneously view confined and unconfined wetting systems as they approach wetting failure. The experimental apparatus consists of a scraped steel roll that rotates into a bath of glycerol. Confinement is imposed via a gap formed between a coating die and the roll surface. Flow visualization is used to record the critical roll speed at which wetting failure occurs. Comparison of the confined and unconfined data shows a clear increase in the relative critical speed as the meniscus becomes more confined. A hydrodynamic model for wetting failure is developed and analysed with (i) lubrication theory and (ii) a two-dimensional finite-element method (FEM). Both approaches do a remarkable job of matching the observed confinement trend, but only the two-dimensional model yields accurate estimates of the absolute values of the critical speeds due to the highly two-dimensional nature of the stress field in the displacing liquid. The overall success of the hydrodynamic model suggests a wetting failure mechanism primarily related to viscous bending of the meniscus.

JFM classification

Materials Processing Flows: Coating Mathematical Foundations: Computational methods Interfacial Flows (free surface): Contact lines
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 707 , 25 September 2012 , pp. 496 - 520
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2012

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