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A dual-tube model for gas dynamics in fractured nanoporous shale formations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 October 2014

I. Lunati  and
S. H. Lee
I. Lunati*
Affiliation:
Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Géopolis 3771, UNIL-Mouline, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
S. H. Lee
Affiliation:
Chevron Energy Technology Co., 1500 Louisiana Street, Houston, TX 77002, USA
*
†Email address for correspondence: ivan.lunati@unil.ch
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Abstract

Gas flow through fractured nanoporous shale formations is complicated by a hierarchy of structural features (ranging from nanopores to microseismic and hydraulic fractures) and by several transport mechanisms that differ from the standard viscous flow used in reservoir modelling. In small pores, self-diffusion becomes more important than advection; also, slippage effects and Knudsen diffusion might become relevant at low densities. We derive a nonlinear effective diffusion coefficient that describes the main transport mechanisms in shale-gas production. In dimensionless form, this coefficient depends only on a geometric factor (or dimensionless permeability) and on the kinetic model that describes the gas. To simplify the description of the complex structure of fractured shales, we observe that the production rate is controlled by the flow from the shale matrix (which has the smallest diffusivity) into the fracture network, which is assumed to produce instantaneously. Therefore, we propose to model the flow in the shale matrix and estimate the production rate with a simple bundle-of-dual-tubes model (BoDTM), in which each tube is characterized by two diameters (one for transport and the other for storage). The solution of a single tube is approximately self-similar at early time, but not at late time, when the gas flux decays exponentially owing to the finite length of the tube. To construct a BoDTM, a reliable estimate of the joint statistics of the matrix-porosity parameters is required. This can be either inferred from core measurements or postulated on the basis of some a priori assumptions when information from laboratory and field measurements is scarce. By comparison with field production data from the Barnett shale-gas field, we demonstrate that BoDTM can be calibrated to estimate structural parameters of the shale formation and to predict the cumulative production of shale gas. Our framework has enough flexibility to construct models of increasing complexity that can be employed in the presence of a complex dataset or when more information is available.

JFM classification

Compressible Flows: Gas dynamics Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Microfluidics Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics
Type
Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 757 , 25 October 2014 , pp. 943 - 971
Copyright
© 2014 Cambridge University Press 

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