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Electroviscous effects on the squeezing flow of thin electrolyte solution films

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 February 2020

Cunlu Zhao Open the ORCID record for Cunlu Zhao [Opens in a new window] ,
Wenyao Zhang Open the ORCID record for Wenyao Zhang [Opens in a new window] ,
Dirk van den Ende  and
Frieder Mugele
Cunlu Zhao*
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
Wenyao Zhang
Affiliation:
Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an710049, China
Dirk van den Ende
Affiliation:
Physics of Complex Fluids, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede7500 AZ, The Netherlands
Frieder Mugele
Affiliation:
Physics of Complex Fluids, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede7500 AZ, The Netherlands
*
†Email address for correspondence: mclzhao@xjtu.edu.cn
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Abstract

We present a detailed analysis of the electroviscous effect in the squeeze out of thin electrolyte films confined between two charged surfaces. The two charged surfaces consist of a curved surface and a flat surface, which closely simulate the tip–substrate configuration in the force measurement of electrolyte solutions with dynamic atomic force microscopy. In the lubrication limit, we find the analytical solution of the electroviscous-effect-modified squeezing flow field in the thin electrolyte film confined between the tip and substrate by solving the Nernst–Planck–Poisson/Navier–Stokes equation under the justified condition of pseudo-steadiness. We also derive the solution of the tip–substrate interaction, which comprises of a conservative electric double layer (EDL) force and an electroviscous-effect-enhanced dissipative hydrodynamic force. The current work focuses on the dissipative hydrodynamic force since the conservative EDL force has been well described by the well-known Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek theory. We introduce a power-law index ($n$) for the tip surface, which enables an unprecedented quantitative characterization of the tip profile effect on the electroviscous effect. We observe a seemingly counter-intuitive effect that, for a given tip–substrate separation, the electroviscous effect is the strongest at one particular value of the zeta ($\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$) potential and diminishes as the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ potential departs from this value. We reveal the counterion conductivity of the EDL to be the governing factor for the electroviscous effect under a given $\unicode[STIX]{x1D701}$ potential. In addition to enhancing the dissipative hydrodynamic interaction force, the electroviscous effect modifies the velocity profiles in the thin electrolyte solution films such that they are much sharper.

JFM classification

Micro-/Nano-fluid dynamics: Microfluidics Drops and Bubbles: Electrohydrodynamic effects
Type
JFM Papers
Information
Journal of Fluid Mechanics , Volume 888 , 10 April 2020 , A29
Copyright
© The Author(s), 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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