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Glaciological Literature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2017

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Journal of Glaciology , Volume 20 , Issue 84 , 1978 , pp. 601 - 619
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Copyright © International Glaciological Society 1978

This is a selected list of glaciological literature on the scientific study of snow and ice and of their effects on the Earth; for the literature on polar expeditions, and also on the “applied” aspects of glaciology, such as snow ploughs, readers should consult the bibliographies in each issue of Recent Polar Literature (supplement to the Polar Record). For Russian material the system of transliteration used is that agreed by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names and the Permanent Committee on Geographical Names for British Official Use in 1947. Readers can greatly assist by sending reprints of their publications to the Society, or by informing Dr J. W. Glen of publications of glaciological interest. It should be noted that the Society does not necessarily hold copies of the items in this list, and also that the Society does not possess facilities for microfilming or photocopying.

References

Conferences

Amaria, P.J., and others, ed. Arctic systems. Edited by Amaria, P. J. and Bruneau, A. A. and Lapp., P. A. New York and London, Plenum Press, [c1977]. xiii, 956 p. (NATO Conference Series, II. Systems Science, Vol. 2.) [Proceedings of conference held at Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, 18–22 August 1975. Contents includD: W. F. Ganong, “Arctic operational information and forecasting systems”, p. 59–79; F.-D. Chu, “Ice resistance without icD: simulation of ship resistance in ice fields”, P. 401–40; F. J. Legerer, “Discussion contribution regarding improvement potential of ice-navigation”, p. 503–12; W. I. Wittmann, “An open systems approach to U.S. ice forecasting: present capabilities and recommendations”, p. 683–716; Moira Dunbar, “Interpretation of SLAR imagery of ice in Nares Strait and the Arctic Ocean”, p. 717–50.]Google Scholar
Dunbar, Maxwell J., ed. Polar oceans. Proceedings of the Polar Oceans Conference held at McGill University, Montreal, May, 1974. Sponsored by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), of the International Council of Scientific Unions. Calgary, Alberta, Arctic Institute of North America, [c1977]. ix, 681 p. [Includes the following articles: P. Tchernia, “Étude de la drive antarctique est-ouest au moyen d’icebergs suivis par le satellite Eole”, p. 107–20; R. A. Heath, “Circulation across the ice shelf edge in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica”, p. 129–49; K. Hunkins, “Oceanographic aspects of the Arctic Ice Dynamics Joint Experiment (AIDJEX)”, p. 209–18; S. F. Ackley and W. D. Hibler III, “Measurements of Arctic Ocean ice deformation and fracture patterns from satellite imagery”, p. 227–38; E. L. Lewis and A. R. Milne, “Underwater sea ice formation”, p. 239–45; A. Foldvik and T. Kvinge, “Thermohaline convection in the vicinity of an ice shelf”, p. 247–55; F. G. Barber and T. S. Murty, “Perennial sea icD: speculations concerning physical and biological consequences”, p. 257–68; R. A. Horner, “History and recent advances in the study of ice biota”, p. 269–83; E. H. Grainger, “The annual nutrient cycle in sea-ice”, p. 285–99; V. Kh. Buynitskiy, “Organic life in sea ice”, p. 301–06; T. Hoshiai, “Seasonal change of ice communities in the sea ice near Syowa station, Antarctica”, p. 307–17; G. H. Petersen, “Biological effects of sea-ice and icebergs in Greenland”, p. 319–29; A. N. Golikov and V. G. Averintsev, “Distribution patterns of benthic and ice biocoenoses in the high latitudes of the polar basin and their part in the biological structure of the world ocean”, p. 331–64; J. Chappell, “Aspects of ocean circulation in Quaternary glaciations”, p. 581–84; W. Dansgaard, N. Gundestrup, C. Hammer, S. J. Johnsen and N. Reeh, “The climatic significance of stable isotopes in polar glaciers”, p. 585–88; W. D. Hibler III and C. C. Langway, Jr., “Ice core stratigraphy as a climatic indicator”, p. 589–601; J. H. Cragin, M. M. Herron, C. C. Langway, Jr., and G. Klouda, “Interhemispheric comparison of changes in the composition of atmospheric precipitation during the late Cenozoic era”, p. 617–31; L. H. N. Cooper, “An hypothesis of a continuous ice dam between Greenland and Scotland during the Quaternary”, p. 633–41; O. Orheim, “Global glacier mass balance variations during the past 300 years”, p. 667–81.]Google Scholar
MALAURIE, J. ed. Les problems poses par la gélifraction. Recherches fondamentales et appliquées (roches et matériaux artificiels de construction). Débats et rapports du VIe Congrès International de la Fondation Française d’Études Nordiques, Le Havre, 23, 24 et 25 avril 1975. Vol. 1: Débats. Paris, Centre d’Etudes Arctiques, Fondation Française d’Études Nordiques, 1977. 305 p. (Actes et Documents, No. 6.) [This volume contains speeches, oral presentation of papers, and discussions from this meeting on problems raised by frost action on rocks and on building materials. Full text of papers in Vol. 2.]Google Scholar
MUGGERIDGE, D.B., ed. Proceedings of the fourth International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering under Arctic Conditions. Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada, September 26–30, 1977. St. John’s, Newfoundland, Memorial University of Newfoundland, 1978. 2 vols.: xvii, 606 p.; vii, 607–1157 p. [Contents includD: K. R.. CroasdaIe, “Ice engineering for offshore petroleum exploration in Canada”, p. 1–32; W. D. Hibler III, “Model simulation of near shore ice drift, deformation and thickness”, p. 33–45; J. Schwarz, “New developments in modelling ice problems”, p. 45–61; J. V. Danys, “Ice forces on old and new offshore lighthouses in the St. Lawrence waterway”, p. 115–38; D. V. Reddy, D. S. Sodhi, M. Arockiasamy and A. K. Haldar, “Response of an offshore LPG storage platform to simulated ice and wind forces”, p. 185–99; P. R. Kry, “Ice rubble fields in the vicinity of artificial islands”, p. 200–11; T. Carstens, “Maintaining an ice-free harbour by pumping of warm water”, p. 347–57; B. E. Davison, J. W, Rooney and R. F. Carlson, “Use of thermal piles for offshore frozen embankments”, p. 358–69; J. E. Cowley and A. B. Cammaert, “Navigation delays due to ice conditions—analysis and case studies”, p. 414–24; S. T. Culshaw, “An examination of marine transport in the ice season off the Labrador and north Newfoundland coasts”, p. 425–39; M. Dunne, P. Noble, R. Y. Edwards, Jr., and C. Pellegrin, “Results of full scale ice impact load studies aboard C.C.G.S. Norman McLeod Rogers”, p. 440–52; T. Kotras, J. Lewis and R. Etzel, “Hydraulic modeling of ice-covered waters”, p. 453–63; D. S. Sodhi, L. Button, R. Boetes and M. Arockiasamy, “Estimation of ice forces on the hull of M.V. Arctic Explorer by strain gauge measurements”, P. 475–84; H. A. R. Steltner, “Transportation of personnel, instruments and equipment on first-year sea ice for oceanographic survey and research purposes”, p. 485–93; R. S. Pritchard, “The effect of strength on simulations of sea ice dynamics”, p. 494–505; A. S. Thorndike and R. Colony, “Estimating the deformation of sea ice”, p. 506–17; R. McGovern, D. L. Bruce and A. D. Humphries, “Sea ice bearing capacity investigations for the polar gas project”, p. 518–28; K. D. Vaudrey, “Determination of mechanical sea ice properties by large-scale field beam experiments”, p. 529–43; P. Wadhams, “Characteristics of deep pressure ridges in the Arctic Ocean”, p. 544–55; J. R. Rossiter, P. J. Langhorne, T. Ridings and A. J. Allan, “Study of sea ice using impulse radar”, p. 556–67; C. F. M. Lewis, “The frequency and magnitude of drift-ice groundings from ice-scour tracks in the Canadian Beaufort Sea”, p. 568–79; C. Sørensen, “Dynamic bending failure of a semi-infinite ice floe hitting a sloping plane”, p. 580–92; D. S. Sodhi and H. E. Hamza, “Buckling analysis of a semi-infinite ice sheet”, p, 593–604; W. M. Sackinger and P. A. Sackinger, “Shear strength of the adfreeze bond of sea ice to structures”, p. 607–14; P. J. Legerer, “Expected creep lifetime for an ice structure under random temperature fluctuations”, p. 615–23; P. Tryde, “Effect on strength of sea ice from possible overpressure in brine pockets at dynamic loading”, p. 624–28; A. J. Allan and W. Winsor, “Industrial applications of ice strain measurements”, p. 629–37; J.-R. Murat and R. Tinawi, “Sea-ice testing in flexure”, p. 638–53; A. Engelbrektson, “Dynamic ice loads on a lighthouse structure”, p. 654–63; D. V. Reddy, P. S. Cheema and C. Sundararajan, “Relationship between response spectrum and power spectral density analysis of ice-structure interaction”, p. 664–83; M. Määttänen, “Stability of self-excited ice-induced structural vibrations”, p. 684–94; H. Saeki, K. Hamanaka and A. Ozaki, “Experimental study on ice force on a pile”, p. 695–706; R. M. W. Frederking and N. K. Sinha, “Ice action on wharf at Strathcona Sound”, p. 707–17; J. V. Danys, “On wind induced static ice forces on offshore structures”, p. 718–29; M. Määttäiten, “Ice-force measurements at the Gulf of Bothnia by the instrumented Kemi I lighthouse”, p. 730–40; T. D. Ralston, “Ice force design considerations for conical offshore structures”, p. 741–52; M. Mellor and Kovacs, “Destruction of ice islands with explosives”, p. 753–65; A. Kovacs, “Iceberg thickness profiling”, P. 766–74; T. R. Chari, “Model studies of iceberg scouring”, p. 775–83; W. E. Russell, N. P. Riggs and R. Q. Robe, “Local iceberg motion—a comparison of field and model studies”, p. 784–98; R. C. Parsons and R. M. Hopkins, “A chemical method for ice destruction”, p. 799–810; J. O. Bursey, W. J. Sowden, A. D. Gates and C. L. Blackwood, “The climate of the Labrador Sea”, p. 938–51;. J. C. Rogers, “A meteorological basis for long-range forecasting of summer and early autumn sea ice conditions in the Beaufort Sea”, p. 952–62; R. A. Keen “The response of Baffin Bay ice conditions to changes in atmospheric circulation patterns”, p. 963–71; K. A. Gustajtis and T. J. Buckley, “A seasonal iceberg density distribution along the Labrador coast”, p. 972–83; J. C. Barnes, C. J. Bowley, M. D. Smallwood and J. H. Willand. “Use of satellite data to evaluate surface ice conditions for off-shore oil and gas exploration”, p. 1019–34; W. R. McLeod and D. T. Hodder, “An examination of long term ice forecast and periodicities of the Beaufort Sea”, p. 1035–50; R. D. Worsfold, D. Strong and E. Wedler, “Project SAR 77”, p. 1051–63; S. T. Culshaw and B. R. LeDrcw, “Labrador Sea ship-in-the-ice—a pilot study”, p. 1122–31; W. W. Denner, “Under-ice ambient noise at Cape North”, p. 1132–45.]Google Scholar
PéWé, T. L. Permafrost research. A workshop survey of some recent activities. Frost i Jord, No. 19, 1977, p. 3–10. [Reports on conference held at Hanover, New Hampshire, U.S.A., on 6–7 January 1977. Emphasis un work in Alaska.]Google Scholar
SCOTT, W.J. and BROWN, R. J. E., ed. Proceedings of a symposium on permafrost geophysics, 12 October t976. Canada. National Research Council. Associate Committee on Geotechnical Research. Technical Memorandum No. 119. 1977, iii, 144 p. [Held in Vancouver, B.C. Third meeting on this topic. Contents includD: P. J. Kurfurst and J. A. Hunter, “Field and laboratory measurements of seismic properties of permafrost”, p. 1–15; J. Henderson and P. Hoekstra, “Electromagnetic methods for mapping shallow permafrost”, p. 16–24; W. J. Scott and J. R. Mackay, “Reliability of permafrost thickness determination by DC resistivity soundings”, p. 25–38; P. V. Sellmann, S. A. Arcone and A. Delaney, “Preliminary evaluation of new LE radiowave and magnetic induction resistivity units over permafrost terrain”, p. 39–42; A. P. Annan and J. L. Davis, “Use of radar and time domain reflectometry in permafrost studies”, P. 43–59; 0. P. Garg, “Applications of geophysical techniques in permafrost studies for subarctic mining operations”, p. 60–70;. J. C. Rogers, “Seismic investigation of offshore permafrost near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska”, p. 71–77; T. E. Osterkarnp and W. D. Harrison, “Results of 1975 drilling experiment at Prudhoe Bay”, p. 78–90; G. D. Hobson, K. G. Neave, H. A. MacAulay and J. A. Hunter, “Permafrost distribution in the southern Beaufort Sea as determined from seismic measurements”, p. 91–98; A. S. Judge, “Permafrost, hydrates and the offshore thermal regime”, p. 99–113; R. J. Baird, “A cross sectional view for permafrost feathering out under sea ice”, p. 114–32; closing technical session and discussions, p. 133–44.]Google Scholar
[SNOW HYDROLOGY.] Tokushu “seppyōsui bungaku ni okeru sokutei gijutsu shinpojiuma” [Proceedings of the symposium on techniques in the study of snow hydrology, Tokyo, 26 May 1977]. Seppyō, Vol. 39. No. 4, 1977, p. 173–225. [Includes following papers: Z. Yosida [i.e. J. Yoshida], “Seppyō sokutei ni okeru shomondai [Various problems on the measurement of snow]”, p. 174–75; C. Magono, “Kōsetsu yōso sokuteihō no tenbō [A review on techniques in the study of solid precipitation elements]”, p. 176–78; T. Kimura, “Sekisetsu keisokuhō saikin no tenbō [Recent development of techniques on snow measurements]”, p. 179–82; J. Komai, “Kōkūki (chinyō) rimōto-senshingu no seppyōgaku e no ōyō [Application of remote sensing techniques in the study of snow and ice]”, p. 183–93; K. Tsuchiya, “ Jinkōeisei ni yoru seppyō sokutei [Measurements of snow and ice through artificial satellites]”, p. 194–202; H. Abrakawa, “Gurasufaibã-shiki seppyō shinkei [A snow depth recorder using optical fibres]”, p. 203–06; M. Kodama, “Uchūsen setsuryōkei [A cosmic-ray absorption snow gauge]”, p. 207–11; Y. Suzuki, “Aisusonde (Philberth sonde) [Ice sonde (Philberth sonde)]”, p. 212–14; E. Akitaya, “Sekisetsu no eizōka [Video and photographic techniques in the study of surface morphology of snow]”, p. 215–21. Also includes comments on different sessions. No English summaries.]Google Scholar

General Glaciology

ANGINO, E.E., and ZELLER, E. J. Burial of high level radioactive wastes. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 125. [Concept has shifted from consideration of effects of burial beneath or in ice sheet to burial in areas that are ice-free.]Google Scholar
BENTLEY, C.R., and JEZEK, K. C. Ross Ice Shelf geophysical survey, 1976–1977. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 142–44. [Describes geophysical programme of the Ross Ice Shelf Geophysical and Glaciological Survey, 1976–77 (RIGGS III).]Google Scholar
CLOUGH, J.W. Ross Ice Shelf Project, 1976–1977. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 142. [Brief progress report.]Google Scholar
DAVIES, D.W., and others. Behavior of volatiles in Mars’ polar areas: a model incorporating new experimental data, [by] D. W. Davies and C. B. Farmer, D. D. LaPorte. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 26, 1977, p. 3815–22. [Interpretation of Viking 2 orbiter data from the water detector implies north-polar ice thickness > 1 m and ice albedo of 0.34.]+1+m+and+ice+albedo+of+0.34.]>Google Scholar
GADSDEN, M. The polarization of noctilucent clouds. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. 33, No. 3, 1977, p. 363–66. [Degree of elliptical polarization measured and results interpreted as due to needle-like ice crystals being aerodynamically favoured in the clouds.]Google Scholar
GADSDEN, M. The scattering of sunlight from noctiluccnt cloud particles. Annales de Géophysique, Tom. 33, No. 3, 1977, p. 357–61. [Physical properties of the atmosphere in which such clouds form are used to estimate kind of ice particles to be expected and whether observations support this.]Google Scholar
GLOERSEN, P., and STROME, W. M. Ice reconnaissance by satellite. (In Thompson, G. E., ed. Third Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing. Hotel Macdonald, Edmonton, Alberta, September 22–24, 1975. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1976], p. 93–94.) [Reviews briefly present and future uses of satellites in monitoring and studying behaviour of snow and ice.]Google Scholar
GOVORUKHA, L.S. Operatsiya “Kupol-74” [Operation “Ice dome-74”J. Chelovek i Stikhiya, [Vyp. 14], 1976 [pub. 1975], p. 149–50. [Describes glaciological expedition in 1974 using new research station on Lednik Vavilova, Ostrov Oktyabr’skoy Revolyutsii, Novaya Zemlya.]Google Scholar
KOTLYAKOV, V.A., ed. K sozdaniyu atlasa snezhno-lcdovykh resursov mira [On the compilation of a world atlas of snow and ice resources]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 29, 1977, p. 53–186. [As well as detailing course of events leading to production of atlas, which was first discussed in 1973, appendices show symbols to be used, rough drawings of special maps, and contents. Includes account of second editorial meeting, held 20 January 1977, by N. N. Dreyer.]Google Scholar
LANZEROTTI, L.J., and others. Low energy cosmic ray erosion of ice grains in interplanetary and interstellar media, [by] L. J. Lanzerotti, W. L. Brown, J. M. Poate, W. M. Augustyniak. Nature, Vol. 272, No. 5652, 1978, p. 431–33. [Erosion of ice likely to be dominant process determining its lifetime in the solar system and may be important in interstellar clouds.]Google Scholar
LEOVY, C.B. The atmosphere of Mars. Scientific American, Vol. 237, No. 1, 1977, p. 34–43. [Review which discusses ice clouds in Martian atmosphere.]Google Scholar
POLLACK, J.B., and others. Properties of aerosols in the Martian atmosphere, as inferred from Viking lander imaging data, [by] J. B. Pollack, D. Colburn, R. Kahn, J. Hunter, W. Van Camp, C. E. Carlston and M. R. Wolf. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 28, 1977, p. 4479–96. [Study of aeresels in the Martian atmosphere from Viking lander sky-brightness data, including night-time ice fog, ice clouds and rapidly falling particles of dust, ice, and solid CO2.]Google Scholar

Glaciological Instruments and Methods

AAGAARD, K., and others. Measurements with moored instruments in ice-covered waters, [by] K. Aagaard, C. Darnall and F. Karig. Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 25, No. 1, 1978, p. 127–28. [Method of making oceanographic measurements, using deployment technique and overcoming recovery problem.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
BUSHUYEV, A.V., and VOLKOV, N. A., ed. Distantsionnyye izmereniya paratnetrov ledyanogo pokrova [Remote measurements of ice cover parameters]. Trudy Arkticheskogo i Antarklicheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel’ skogo Instituto, Tom 343, 1977, 160 p. [Articles dealing with methods of observing and reporting floating ice. Contents includD: A. V. Bushuyev, N. A. Volkov, Z. M. Gudkovich, Yu. R. Novikov and V. A. Prokof’yev, “Avtomatizirovannaya ledovo-informatsionnaya sistema dlya Arktiki (ALISA) [An automated ice survey system for the Arctic (ALISA)]”, p. 6–16; A. V. Bushuyev, “Opredeleniye elementov vneshnego oriyentirovaniya snimkov skaniruyushchikh radiometrov ISZ [Determination of elements of outer orienteering of photographs of satellite scanning radiometers]”, p. 17–25; A. D. Masanov, “Opredeleniye kharakteristik ledyanogo pokrova po sputnikovym snimkam skaniruyushchikh infrakrasnykh radiometrov [Determination of ice cover characteristics from satellite photographs taken by infra-red scanning radiometers]”, p. 26–33; A. V. Provorkin, “Ispol’zovaniye snimkov, poluchennykh s meteorologicheskikh sputnikov v kachestve osnovy dlya sostavleniya ledovykh kart [The use of photographs from meteorological satellites as a source for compiling ice maps]”, P. 34–99; V. S. Loshchilov, “Ispol’zovaniye mikrovolnovykh sputnikovykh izmereniy dlya kartirovaniya morskikh l’dov [The use of microwave satellite measurements for mapping sea ice]”, P. 40–45; A. V. Bushuyev, “Analiticheskoye koordinirovaniye ploshchadnykh i marshrutnykh radiolokatsionnykh s”yemok [Analytical co-ordination of areal and traverse radar surveys]”, p. 46–57; R. A. Borisov and Yu. D. Bychenkov, “Tochnost’ geograficheskoy privyazki snimkov radiolokatsionnoy stantsii bokovogo obzora ‘Toros’ [Accuracy of the geographical survey of photographs of the side-looking radar station ‘Toros’]”, P. 58–64; R. A. Borisov and V. S. Loshchilov, “Operativnyy analiz dreyfa i deformatsiy ledyanogo pokrova po materialam povtornykh radiolokatsionnykh ploshchadnykh s”yemok [Operational analysis of the drift and deformation of ice cover from repeated radar areal surveys]”, p. 65–74; Yu. A. Gorbunov and S. M. Losev, “Nekotoryye dannyye o srednemashtabnoy deformatsii ledyanogo pokrova arkticheskikh morey [Some data on mesoscale deformation of the ice cover of Arctic seas]”, p. 75–91; S. M. Losev and Yu. A. Gorbunov, “Ob issledovanii nekotorykh morfometricheskikh kharakteristik ledyanogo pokrova v arkticheskikh moryakh v letniy period [Research on some morphometric characteristics of summer ice cover in Arctic seas]”, p. 92–103; M. I. Finkel’shteyn and E. I. Lazarev, “Radiolokatsionnyy videoimpul’snyy izmeritel’ tolshchiny morskogo l’da kak novoye perspektivnoye sredstvo ledovoy razvedki [Radar video-impulse meter of sea ice thickness as a prospective means of ice survey]”, p. 104–13; A. V. Bushuyev, E. I. Lazarev and M. I. Finkel’shteyn, “Nekotoryye rezul’taty ispol’zovaniya radiolokatsionnogo videoimpul’snogo izmeritelya tolshchiny morskogo l’da dlya ledovoy razvedki [Some results of the use of a radar videoimpulse meter of sea ice thickness for an ice survey]”, p. 114–21; A. A. Kurskaya, “Issledovaniy morskikh l’dov Belogo morya s pomoshch’yu letayushchey laboratorii [Research on ice in the White Sea using a flying laboratory]”, p. 122–26; S. M. Losev and Yu. A. Gorbunov, “Izucheniye stamukh po aerofotosnimkam [The study of floes from air photography]”, p. 127–32; I. L. Appel’, Z. M. Gudkovich and K. A. Teytel’baum, “Rezul’taty ispytaniya chislennoy skhemy rascheta raspredeleniya l’da v arkticheskikh moryakh zimoy [Results of testing a numerical method for calculating winter distribution of ice in Arctic seas]”, p. 141–50; V. Yu. Aleksandrov and A. V. Bushuyev, “Ispol’zovaniye statisticheskikh kharakteristik radiolokatsionnykh izobrazheniy l’dov dlya ikh raspoznavaniya [The use of statistical characteristics of radar pictures of ice to distinguish ice categories]”, p. 151–54.]Google Scholar
COOPER, D.W., and others. Measurement of lake we thickness with a short pulse radar system, by D. W. Cooper, R. A. Mueller and R. J. Schertler. Washington, D. C., National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1976. 23 p. (NASA Technical Note D-8189.) [System mounted on all-terrain vehicle. Measurements obtained compared with those determined with auger. Ice thicknesses in range 29 to 60 cm; error less than ±3.5 cm.]Google Scholar
IKEN, A., and others. Deep drilling with a hot water jet, by A. Iken, H. Röthlisberger and K. Hutter. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde and Glazialgeologie, Bd. 12, Ht. 2, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 143–56. [Describes equipment used and performance of drill. High drilling speed and holes of relatively large diameters were obtained.]Google Scholar
KIRILLOV, A.A., and SMETANNIKOV, A. V., ed. Metodika ledovykh prognozov i raschetov dlya Arkticheskikh morey [Methods of forecasting and computing ice in Arctic seas]. Trudy Arkticheskogo i Antarkticheskogo Nauchno-Issledovatel’skogo Instituta, Tom 346, 1977, 152 p. [Contains the following articles: I. L. Appel’ and Z. M. Gudkovich, “Chislennaya model’ pereraspredeleniya ledyanogo pokrova v letniy period [A numerical model of the summer redistribution of ice cover]”, p. 4–28; I. L. Appel’ and Z. M. Gudkovich, “Uchet vliyaniya teplovykh protsessov na izmeneniye splochennosti ledyanogo pokrova [Calculation of the influence of thermal processes on variations in the density of the ice cover]”, p. 29–44; T. N. Moskal’, “Rezul’taty primeneniya chislennogo metoda dlya rascheta elementov ledovogo rezhima Barentseva morya v osennezimniy period [Results of the use of a numerical model for calculating elements of the ice regime of the Barents Sea in autumn and winter]”, P. 45–54; Ye. G. Kovalev, “Ispol’zovaniye prostranstvenno-vremennoy struktury ledovitosti Arkticheskikh morey dlya dolgosrochnogo yeye prognozirovaniya [Long-range forecasting of the ice cover of Arctic seas from consideration of its space-time structure]”, p. 55–60; V. F. Zakharov, “O prognoze srokov nachala ledoobrazovaniya v more Laptevykh [Forecasting the date of onset of ice formation in the Laptev Sea]”, p. 61–67; A. I. Arikaynen, “Prognoz vesennikh ledovykh yavleniy v Anadyrskom zalive [Forecasting spring ice phenomena in Anadyrskiy Zaliv]”, p. 68–76; A. I. Arikaynen and I. M. Yagubov, “Metodika dolgosrochnogo prognozirovaniya ledovitosti Anadyrskogo zaliva v maye [A method for long-range forecasting of the May ice cover in Anadyrskiy Zaliv]”, p. 77–82; A. I. Arikaynen and A. A. Dmitriyev, “Nekotoryye osobennosti formirovaniya znachitel’noy ledovoy anomalii na vostoke Arktiki letom 1975 g. [Some features of the formation of the significant ice anomaly of summer 1975 in the eastern Arctic]”, p. 83–88; Ye. G. Kovalev and V. A. Spichkin, “Vozmozhnost’ ispol’zovaniya ‘metoda nalozheniya epokh solnechnoy aktivnosti’ dlya dolgosrochnogo prognoza ledovitosti Arkticheskikh morey [The possibility of using a ‘method of superposition of the epoch of solar activity’ for long-range forecasting of the ice cover of Arctic seas]”, p. 89–93; A. A. Kirillov and V. A. Spichkin, “Sopryazhennost’ ledovykh usloviy v zapadnoy i vostochnoy chasti Severozemel’skogo rayona [The intensity of ice conditions in the western and eastern parts of the Severozemel’skiy region]”, p. 94–100; A. A. Kirillov and V. A. Spichkin, “Zavisimost’ ledovykh usloviy Severozemel’skogo rayona of krupnomasshtabnykh kharakteristik raspredeleniya atmosfernogo davleniya [The dependence of ice conditions of the Severozemel’skiy region on large-scale characteristics of atmospheric pressure distribution]”, p. 101–08; K. A. Tetmel’baum, “Zavisimost’ temperatury vozdukha nad Karskim morem of ledovitosti i vozdushnykh perenosov v vesenne-letniy period [Air temperature dependence over the Kara Sea on ice cover and air transfer in spring and summer]”, p. 109–17; V. F. Zakharov, “Vozrastnoy sostav l’dov Severnogo Ledovitogo okeana [The make-up of ice according to its age in the Arctic Ocean]”, p. 118–21; V. F. Zakharov, “Poverkhnostnyye arkticheskiye vody kak faktor ustoychivosti ledyanogo pokrova [Surface Arctic waters as a stabilizing factor of the ice cover]”, p. 122–34; A. A. Kirillov and V. A. Spichkin, “Opredeleniye sredney sezonnoy kharakteristiki ledovykh usloviy metodom glavnykh komponent [Determining the main seasonal characteristics of ice conditions by the method of principal components]”, p. 135–41; V. P. Karklin and V. A. Spichkin, “Otsenka vklada kvaziperiodicheskikh sostavlyayushchikh v izmenchivost’ gidrometeorologicheskikh yavleniy [Evaluation of the contribution of quasiperiodic formations in the variability of hydrometeorological phenomena]”, P. 142–45.]Google Scholar
NAPOLéONI, J.-G. P., and CLARKE, G. K. C. Hot water drilling in a cold glacier. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1978, p. 316–21. [Describes drill designed to reach depths of 300 m with minimum diameter 3 cm.]Google Scholar
O’CONNOR, M. J., and MITCHELL, R. J. Measuring total volumetric strains during triaxial tests on frozen soils: a new approach. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1978, p. 47–53. [Describes new technique.]Google Scholar
PARKER, B.C., and others. Nitrogen in South Polar ice and snow: tool to measure past solar, auroral, and cosmic ray activities, [by] B. C. Parker, E. J. Zeller, L. E. Heiskell and W. J. Thompson. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 133–34. [Suggests, on basis of evidence, that method is of value.]Google Scholar
SæTERSDAL, R. Overslagsberegning av tykkelse på aktivt (tinedybde) på Vest-Spitsbergen.Frost i Jord, No. 19, 1977, p. 13–25. [Describes method for calculating thawing index of different surfaces, and thaw depth in Spitsbergen, for engineering purposes. English summary, p. 23–25.]Google Scholar
SMILEY, V.N., and others. Lidar and replication studies of ice crystal precipitation at the South Pole, [by] V. N. Smiley, B. M. Morley and J. A. Warburton. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 166–67. [Describes examination of falling ice crystals by means of lidar system. Replicator used to study physical appearance and growth patterns of crystals.]Google Scholar
STAUFFER, B., and MOELL, M. Geochemical and isotope studies, Ross Ice Shelf Project. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 14, 1977, p. 145–46. [Describes sampling for later laboratory analysis. Aim is to determine age of ice shelf at different depths and time elapsed since water beneath shelf has been in contact with atmosphere.]Google Scholar
WARNER, G., and CLOUD, G. Measurement of surface strain rates in glaciers using embedded wire strain gages. Unbonded single-wire gages establish strain rates in Alaskan glacier. Experimental Mechanics, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1974, p. 24–28. [Describes method which was tested on Ptarmigan Glacier, Alaska.]Google Scholar
WORSFOLD, R.D., and others. ERIM dielectric property measurements of ice and snow, Hopedale, 1977, by R. D. Worsfold, R. Larson, C. Liskow, R. Rawson, R. Shuchman and F. Smith. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) No. 77–37, 1977, viii, 57 p. (Project SAR ’77. Field Data Report No. 8.) [Dielectric constant and loss tangent measured at 100 MHz, 1.2 GHz and 9.6 GHz in order to obtain measurements to aid interpretation and explanation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery.]Google Scholar
YAHAGI, H. Saidaichi-shijikei-tsuki tōketsu-shinkei ni tsuite [Depth meter for measuring maximum penetration of frost in frozen ground]. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1977, p. 132–40. [Describes new device. English summary, p. 140.]Google Scholar
YAMAMOTO, K., and others. A new snow sampler for stratigraphic observations, by K. Yamamoto, H. Fushimi, T. Ohata, Y. Tanaka, K. Ikegami and K. Higuchi. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1977, p. 141–49. [Describes core sampler for use in snow.]Google Scholar

Physics of Ice

BARER, S.S., and others. Issledovaniye tonkikh prosloyek zhidkosti mezhdu l’dom i poverkhnost’yu kvartsevykh kapillyarov [Study of thin liquid interlayers between ice and the surface of quartz capillaries]. [By] S. S. Barer, B. V. Deryagin, O. A. Kiseleva, V. D. Sobolev, N. V. Churayev. Kolloidnyy Zhurnal, Tom 39, Vyp. 6, 1977, p. 1039–44. [Viscosity of thin liquid solution layers between ice and a quartz surface measured and found to be orders of magnitude higher than that of bulk water. English summary, p. 1044.]Google Scholar
BARON, BILL, and others. Vacuum ultraviolet photoelectric emission from amorphous ice, [by] Bill Baron, D. Hoover and F. Williams. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 68, No. 4, 1978, p. 1997–99. [Measurements give an accurate value for the photoelectric threshold and approximate photoelectric yields and reconcile recent results on electronic structure of condensed water.]Google Scholar
BROWN, W.L., and others. “Sputtering” of ice by MeV light ions, [by] W. L. Brown, L. J. Lanzerotti, J. M. Poate and W. M. Augustyniak. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 40, No. 15, 1978, p. 1027–30. [Rate of erosion of thin ice films at low temperatures due to bombardment by H, He, C, and O ions are orders of magnitude higher than expected theoretically.]Google Scholar
CLAUS, R., and others. The vibrational spectrum of Ih-single crystalline ice near the center of the first Brillouin zone, [by] R. Claus, W. Plagge, J. Bilgram. (In Schmid, E. D., and others, ed. Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy, Universität Freiburg, 2–8 September 1976. Edited by E. D. Schmid, J. Brandmüller, W. Kiefer, B. Schrader, H. W. Schrötter. Freiburg im Breisgau, Hans Ferdinand Schulz Verlag, [c1976], p. 602–03.) [First-order phonon region and polarized Raman spectra of ice Ih. Directional dispersion polaritons not observed, nor were ordered domains > 10−5cm. Polarization properties of 3 088 cm−1 line more like liquid, confirming statistical proton distribution.]+10−5cm.+Polarization+properties+of+3+088+cm−1+line+more+like+liquid,+confirming+statistical+proton+distribution.]>Google Scholar
COTA, E., and HOOVER, W. G. Computer simulation of hexagonal ice. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 67, No. 8, 1977, p. 3839–40. [Letter. Ice structures generated obeying Bernal-Fowler rules which satisfy periodic boundary conditions and have minimum possible multiple moments.]Google Scholar
DAVIDSON, D.W., and others. Characterization of natural gas hydrates by nuclear magnetic resonance and dielectric relaxation, [by] D. W. Davidson, S. K. Garg, S. R. Gough, R. E. Hawkins and J. A. Ripmeester. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 55, No. 20, 1977, p. 3641–50. [Measurements for various natural gas molecules reported and their characteristic features described and explained.]Google Scholar
DEVRIES, A.L., and LIN, Y. Structure of peptide antifreeze and mechanism of adsorption to ice. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Vol. 495, No. 2, 1977, p. 388–92. [Study of sequence of α-helical peptide shows clusters of polar amino acids separated by a distance corresponding to O–O spacing in ice, suggesting peptide binds to ice by H-bonding.]Google Scholar
EVANS, H.E., and KNOWLES, G. Dislocation creep in non-metallic materials. Acta Metallurgica, Vol. 26, No. 1, 1978, p. 141–45. [Predictions of a recent theory of creep by the authors are compared with data on, among other things, polycrystalline ice. Results are satisfactory and show creep behaviour can be described by the concepts of recovery creep.]Google Scholar
FILATOVA, YE. V., and FILATOV, A. O. Vliyaniye sobstvennoy struktury zhidkoy vody na l’doobrazovaniye v suspenziyakh i poristykh sredakh [Effect of the intrinsic structure of liquid water on ice formation in suspensions and porous media]. Kolloidnyy Zhurnal, Tom 39, Vyp. 6, 1977, p. 1203–08. [X-ray diffraction study of ice formed from liquid and from vapour. Difference attributed to relaxation of liquid water structure containing clathrate-like structures. English summary, p. 1208.]Google Scholar
FRANKS, F., and MORRIS, E. R. Blood glycoprotein from Antarctic fish. Possible conformational origin of anti-freeze activity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Vol. 540, No. 2, 1978, p. 346. [Studies of this glycoprotein indicate a specific but unusual peptide conformation which may bond with water in such a way as to interfere with ice crystallization.]Google Scholar
GOLECKI, I., and JACCARD, C. The surface of ice near 0°C studied by 100 keV proton channeling. Physics Letters A, Vol. 63A, No, 3, 1977, p. 374–76. [Basal plane in thermodynamic equilibrium with the vapour studied from –130°C to –2°C. Minimum yield increased above –35°C indicating a 90 nm disordered layer at –2°C.]Google Scholar
GOUGH, S.R., and others. Dielectric relaxation and nuclear magnetic resonance studies of two clathrate hydrates of dimethyl ether, [by] S. R. Gough, S. K. Garg, J. A. Ripmeester and D. W. Davidson. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81, No. 23, 1977, p. 2158–63. [Measurements down to <2 K show these molecules have exceptional freedom to reorient in structure II clathrate compared with other structure. In both structures rapid rotational tunnelling persists at the lowest temperatures.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
GURIKOV, YU. V., and others. Opredeleniye dielektricheskoy pronitsayemosti poverkhnostnoy fazy l’da na granitse led-vodnyy rastvor elektrolita [Determination of the dielectric constant of the surface phase of ice at the ice-electrolyte aqueous solution interface]. [By] Yu. V. Gurikov, E. M. Savel’yeva, N. F. Bondarenko. Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, Tom 52, Vyp. 3, 1978, p. 738–40. [Describes a new method of determining the dielectric permittivity of surface layers. English translation in Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 3, 1978, p. 417–18.]Google Scholar
HILDEBRANDT, W.H., and others. The primary ice phase field in the H2O-NaCl-dimethyl sulphoxide ternary system, [by] W. H. Hildebrandt, F. H. Cocks, M. L. Shepard. Journal of Materials Science, Vol. 13, No. 5, 1978, p. 1099–104. [Determination of this phase diagram involving a cryoprotective agent.]Google Scholar
IOGANSEN, A.V., and ROZENBERG, M. SH. Intensivnosti ik polos .v.OH i .v.OD molekuly HOD vo l’du i vode ot 16 do 300 K [Intensities of infra-red .v.OH i .v.OD bands of the HOD molecule in ice and water from 16 to 300 K]. Optika i Spektroskopiya, Tom 44, Vyp. I, 1978, p 87–94. [Measurements reported and discussed. English translation in Optics and Spectroscopy, Vol. 44, No. 1, 1978, p. 49–53.]Google Scholar
IONESCU, L.G. Entropy of some simple gas-water clathrates. Revue Roumaine de Chimie, Tom. 23, No. 1, 1978, p. 45–53. [A simple method for considering the entropies of phase transitions of clathrate hydrates is presented and compared with experimental data.]Google Scholar
KACHURIN, L.G., and GRIGOROV, N. Elektrokristallizatsionnyye potentsialy i dielektricheskaya pronitsayemost’ vodnykh rastvorov [Electrocrystallization potentials and dielectric permittivity of aqueous solutions]. Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, Tom 51, Vyp. 11, 1977, p. 2864–67. [Theory of charge distribution during freezing of water and solutions, and deduction from experimental data of diffusion coefficient of H+ in ice and dielectric permittivity of the ice layer next to crystallization front. English translation in Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 51, No. 11, 1977 [pub. 1978], p. 1669–71.]Google Scholar
KACHURIN, L.G., and others. Kineticheskiye parametry kristallizuyushchikh reagentov tipa AgJ [Kinetic parameters of crystallizing reagents of silver iodide type]. [By] L. G. Kachurin, Kh. Kh. Medaliyev, A. Kh. Adzhiyev. lzvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Fizika Atmosfery i Okeana, Tom 13, No. 8, 1977, p. 900–03. [Experiments on nucleation probability of AgI and PbI2, and comparison with theory to give additional linear energy at boundary between reagents and water.]Google Scholar
KENNEDY, J., and others. Raman spectra of pressure and temperature induced phase changes, [by] J. Kennedy, W. F. Sherman, N. Treloar, G. R. Wilkinson. (In Schmid, E. D., and others, ed. Proceedings of the fifth International Conference on Raman Spectroscopy, Universität Freiburg, 2–8 September 1976. Edited by E. D. Schmid, J. Brandmüller, W. Kiefer, B. Schrader, H. W. Schrötter. Freiburg im Breisgau, Hans Ferdinand Schulz Verlag, [e1976], p. 600–01.) [Effects of pressure and temperature on phases of ice studied, including D2O liquid, ice Ih, II, III, and V. Some significant differences between spectra under pressure and of depressurized metastable phases found.]Google Scholar
LEBEDEV, D.P., and others. Opredeleniye kriticheskoy temperatury v protsesse desublimatsii vodyanogo para v led vakuume [Determination of the critical temperature during the desublimation of water vapour to ice in vacua]. [By] D P. Lebedev, V. N. Men’shov, E. F. Andreyev. Zhurnal Fizicheskoy Khimii, Tom 52, Vyp. 1, 1978, p. 189–91. [Experimental results and some empirical relations. English translation in Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 52, No. 1, 1978, p. 100–01.]Google Scholar
LEVKOV, L. Experimentelle Untersuchung über die Eisbildungsaktivität einer anorganischen und einer organischen Substanz. Doklady Bolgarskoy Akademii Nauk, Tom. 30, No. 9, 1977, p. 1275–76. [Study of a CuS-based mixture and a copper acetyl acetanate organic reagent.]Google Scholar
MANTOVANI, S., and VALERI, S. Mechanical behaviour at ice-metal interfaces. Philosophical Magazine A, Vol. 37, No. 1, 1978, p. 17–26. [Cracks in laboratory-grown ice single crystals of known orientation frozen on to a metal plate are produced by changing the temperature. Results give orientation of crack and strength of ice and support liquid-like layer at the interface.]Google Scholar
MILLER, S.L., and others. Two clathrate hydrates of dimethyl ether, [by] S. L. Miller, S. R. Gough and D. W. Davidson. Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 81, No. 23, 1977, p. 2154–57. [Vapour-pressure measurements and X-ray and composition studies show a structure II clathrate and a tetragonal clathrate exist. Tabulated vapour-pressure and melting-point data (3p.) available in microfilm edition or from American Chemical Society.]Google Scholar
MONTEFINALE, T., and PAPEE, H. M. Some unusual ice nucleating materials. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 64, No. 2, 1978, p. 383–84. [Study of Al2S3 and metallic zinc.]Google Scholar
MONTEFINALE, T., and PAPER, H. M. Two-step ice nucleation. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 64, No. 2, 1978, p. 385 . [Experiments which suggest that nucleation of solutions may be affected by the formation of a solid substrate which then nucleates ice.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MONTMORY, R. L’influence des impuretés et de l’état de surface sur Ics propriétés glaçogènes de l’iodure d’argent, Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Sér. B, Tom. 285, No. 14, 1977. p. 325–27. [Point or linear defects or steps on the surface are necessary for nucleation, but Agl of low impurity content forms flat crystals without these.]Google Scholar
MONTMORY, R., and ANDRIAMBELOMA, H. Sur les propriétés glaçogènes de l’iodure de plomb dans le domain de températures entre — 10°C et —25°C. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Sér. B, Tom. 285, No. 3, 1977, p. 61–64. [Discussion of effect of configurational entropy on free energy of ice crystal nucleation. Hydrophobic effect of 0001 plane, interfacial energy, and nucleation mechanism also seem to be involved.]Google Scholar
NARAYANA, P.A., and others. Electron spin echo modulation studies of silver atom solvation and desolvation in ice matrices, [by] P. A. Narayana, D. Becker and L. Kevan. Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 68, No. 2, 1978, p. 652–54. [Results at 4.2 K and their analysis to give model of surroundings of silver atom.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
NENOW [i.e. NENOV], D., and STOYANOVA, V. On the formation of ice dendrites from the vapour phase. Journal of Crystal Growth, Vol. 41, No. 1, 1977, p. 73–76. [Study of growth on glass substrates shows growth in air to favour loss of morphological stability and formation of dendrites, thus favouring decisive role of diffusion during dendrite formation.]Google Scholar
PITTER, R.L. Scavenging efficiency of electrostatically charged thin ice plates and spherical aerosol particles. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, Vol. 34, No. 11, 1977, p. 1797–800. [Numerical modelling of this process at –18°C, 400 mbar. Results indicate theory for electrostatic deposition can be applied to thin ice crystals.]Google Scholar
PUDZIANOWSKI, A.T., and SCHWARTZ, R. N. An open-shell INDO study of models for the stabilized O– ion in γ-irradiated alkaline ices. Theoretica Chimica Acta, Vol. 46, No. 3, 1977, p. 205–21. [Calculations of preferred structures for O– and comparison with other similar cases.]Google Scholar
RIPMEESTER, J.A., and DAVIDSON, D. W. Some new clathrate hydrates. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 43, Nos. 3–4, 1977, p. 189–95. [Seventeen new clathrate hydrates of H- and/or F-containing molecules identified, mostly from characteristic NMR line shapes observed when hydrates are prepared from D2O.]Google Scholar
ROSSO, J.-C., and others. Le système binaire eau-dichloroéthane. Mise en evidence d’un clathrate C2H4C12,34H2O, [par] J.-C. Rosso, R. Fairer et L. Carbonnel. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l’Académie des Sciences (Paris), Sér. C., Tom. 286, No. 1, 1978, p. 9–12. [Phase diagram studied by thermal analysis revealing a clathrate.]Google Scholar
SCHMIDT, P., and WALZEL-WIESENTREU, P. Ausfrieren von Eis an vibrierten Kühlflächen. Chemie-Ingenieur-Technik, 49. Jahrg., Nr. 2, 1977, p. 169. [Vibration of the wall prevents ice adhesion of a freezing aqueous sucrose solution. Synopsis of paper of 40 p. obtainable as photocopy or microfiche MS 451/77 from Verlag Chemie, D-6940 Weinheim, Germany.]Google Scholar
SELEZNEV, A.P. Rol’ adsorbtsii gazov na poverkhnosti l’da pri zakhvate ikh kristallizuyushchimsya vodnym aerozolem [Rolc of the adsorption of gases on an ice surface during their capture by a crystallizing aqueous aerosol]. Kolloidnyy Zhurnal, Tom 40, Vyp. 1, 1978, p. 76–80. [Adsorption of CO2, C3H8, and H2S measured at – 10°C and elevated pressures. Results discussed in terms of hydrate formation in aerosols.]Google Scholar
SENIOR, T.B.A., and WEIL, H. Electromagnetic scattering and absorption by thin walled dielectric cylinders with application to ice crystals. Applied Optics, Vol. 16, No. 11, 1977, p. 2979–85. [Integral equations developed and solved numerically to simulate columnar sheath ice crystals.]Google Scholar
SINHA, N.K. Dislocations in ice as revealed by etching. Philosophical Magazine, Eighth Ser., Vol. 36, No. 6, 1977, p. 1385–404. [Process for etching and replicating is studied; it can be made selective by using a microtome or varying etching conditions. Basal and non-basal dislocations studied including movement under stress.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar
STUPIN, D. YU., and others. Izotopnyy effekt v ental’piyakh obrazovaniya vodnykh klatratov CCl2F2 i CHClF2 [isotopic effect in the enthalpies of formation of the aqueous clathrates CC12F2 and CHClF2]. [By] D. Yu. Stupin, V. N. Tezikov, A. P. Seleznev. Zhurnal Prikladnoy Khimii, Tom 51, Vyp. 3, 1978, p. 589–92. [Study of clathrate hydrates and deuterates and interpretation using Lennard-Jones potentials.]Google Scholar
VERBERNE, J.B., and others. Excess electrons in ice, [by] J. B. Verberne, H. Loman, J. M. Warman, M. P. De Haas, A. Hummel, L. Prinsen. Nature, Vol. 272, No. 5651, 1978, p. 343–44. [Study of conductivity change resulting from nanosecond pulse ionization of ice by irradiating with 3 MeV electrons. Lifetime reduced by NH3 doping, suggesting vested vacancies as trapping sites.]Google Scholar
WHALLEY, E. A detailed assignment of the O–H stretching bands of ice I. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 55, No. 19, 1977, p. 3429–41. [Assignment based on assumptions that spectra of disordered and ordered ice 1c are similar and that the latter can be predicted from the spectra dice VIII.]Google Scholar
WHALLEY, E. A relation between the strengths of the orientation polarization and the infrared absorption of the O–H stretching vibrations of ice. Chemical Physics Letters, Vol. 53, No. 3, 1978, p. 449–51. [Parameter for first term in Fourier expansion of dipole moment of water molecule during stretching vibrations agrees well with dielectric and infra-red data.]CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Land Ice. Glaciers, Ice Shelves

AMMANN, K. Der Oberaargletscher im 18., 19. and 20. Jahrhundert. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde and Glazialgeologie, Bd. 12, Ht. 2, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 253–91. [Considers variations in Oberaargletscher, Switzerland, since eighteenth century from dating of moraines and documentary evidence.]Google Scholar
BARANOWSKI, S. Naled type of ice in front of some Spitsbergen glaciers. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis (Wroclaw), No. 387, 1977, p. 85–89. [During winter, melt water flowing from underneath glaciers refreezes and forms sheets of sealed-type ice. Present observations confirm occurrence in Spitsbergen.]Google Scholar
BARANOWSKI, S. The subpolar glaciers of Spitsbergen seen against the climate of this region. Acta Universitatis Wratislaviensis (Wroclaw), No. 410, 1977, [111] p. (Results of Investigations of the Polish Scientific Spitsbergen Expeditions, Vol. 3.) [Particularly concerned with thermal regime of these glaciers. Also discusses changes occurring in Pleistocene and Holocene.]Google Scholar
BERGMANN, H., and REINWARTH, O. Die Pegelstation Vernagtbach (Ötztaler Alpen). Planung, Bau und Messergebnisse. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde and Glazialgeologie, Bd. 12, Ht. 2, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 157–80. [Discusses principles of gauging glacier streams and describes procedures at Vernagtbach. Presents discharge records for summers 1974–76.]Google Scholar
BIRCHEIELD, G.E. A study of the stability of a model continental ice sheet subject to periodic variations in heat input. Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 82, No. 31, 1977, p. 4909–13. [Presents study of general response of ice-age ice-sheet model recently developed by J. Weertinan (Nature, Vol. 261, No. 5555, 1976, p. 17–20).]Google Scholar
BRADLEY, R.S., and ENGLAND, J. Volcanic dust influence on glacier mass balance at high latitudes. ,Nature, Vol. 271, No. 5647, 1978, p. 736–38. [Suggests that eruption of Mount Agung, Bali, in March 1963, was responsible for marked change in climate of North American Arctic and that this change has had significant impact in glacier mass balance.]Google Scholar
CAILLEUX, A., and LAGAREC, D. Nombre, surface et volume des glaciers du Globe. Studia Geologica Polonica, Vol. 52, 1977, p. 83–96. [Presents some facts and figures about glaciers throughout the world.]Google Scholar
CERUTTI, A.V. Variazioni climatiche, alimentazione ed oscillazioni glaciali sul massiccio del Monte Bianco. Bollettino del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano, Ser. 2, [No.] 25, Fasc. 2, 1977, p. 53–88. [Study of fluctuations in glaciers in the Mont Blanc massif from 1936 to 1973, depending upon climatic variations.]Google Scholar
DROZDOV, O.A., and MOSOLOVA, G. I. Issledovaniye faktorov tayaniya lednikov v raznyye vremennyye masshtaby [On the problem of the influence of meteorological factors on maintaining glacial ablation]. Vestnik Leningradskogo Universiteta, 1977, No. 18, Seriya Geologii i Geografii, Vyp. 3, p. 113–21.Google Scholar
ELVEN, R., and RYVARDEN, L. Dispersal and primary establishment of vegetation. (In Wielgolaski, F. E., ed. Fennoscandian tundra ecosystems. Pt. 1. Plants and microorganisms. Berlin, etc., Springer-Verlag, 1975, p. 82–85.) [Study of seed dispersal and vegetation in front of Hardangerjokulen, central Norway.]Google Scholar
ENGLAND, J., and BRADLEY, R. S. Past glacial activity in the Canadian high Arctic. Science, Vol. 200, No. 4339, 1978, p. 265–70. [Based on recent field work on north-east Ellesmere Island. Evidence indicates maximum advance of north-west Greenland ice sheet was about 100 km beyond present margin.]Google Scholar
GARDNER, J.S. What glaciers do for western Canada. Canadian Geographical Journal, Vol. 96, No. 1, 1978, p. 28–33. [Describes glaciers in Lake Louise region of Alberta, Canada.]Google Scholar
GROSS, G., and others. Methodische Untersuchungen fiber die Schneegrenze in alpinen Gletschergebieten, von G. Gross, H. Kerschner und G. Patzelt. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde and Glazialgeologie, Bd. 12, Ht. 2. 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 223–51. [Results of investigations on mass balance of eight glaciers in Alps form basis for discussion relating to definition and estimation of snow-line.]Google Scholar
HALLET, B., and others. The composition of basal ice from a glacier sliding over limestones, [by] B. Hallet, R. Lorrain, R. Souchez. Geological Society of America. Bulletin, Vol. 89, No. 2, 1978, p. 314–20. [Presents chemical analyses of ice at base of temperate Tsanfleuron glacier, Swiss Alps, and discusses enrichment by Ca and Mg.]Google Scholar
HUDLESTON, P.J. Similar folds, recumbent folds, and gravity tectonics in ice and rocks. Journal of Geology, Vol. 85, No. 1, 1977, p. 113–22. [Examines deformational characteristics of recumbent folds in glacial ice, and suggests that process causing these folds in ice may also operate in rocks.]Google Scholar
IVES, J.D. Late- and postglacial glacier fluctuations and sea level changes in Arctic Canada. Geogrofiska Annaler, Vol. 59A, Nos. 3–4, 1977, p. 253–56. [Criticizes paper by W. Blake, Jr., ibid., Vol. 57A, No. 1, 1975, p.1–71, with reply by Blake, p. 257–60.]Google Scholar
JAHN, A. Arktyka i kriosfera [The Arctic and the cryosphere]. Czasopismo Geograficzne, Tom 48, Zeszyt 3, 1977, p. 247–67. [Distinguishes between these two concepts, the cryosphere being that area where ice subsists throughout the year. English summary, p. 266–67.]Google Scholar
KOERNER, R.M. Ice thickness measurements and their implications with respect to past and present ice volumes in the Canadian high Arctic ice caps. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 14, No. 12, 1977, p. 2697–705. [Presents results of echo soundings, using 620 MHz radar, of ice caps on Devon, central and north-east Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg islands. Discusses marked difference between ice thicknesses on opposite sides of Devon and central Ellesmere ice caps.]Google Scholar
KOHNEN, H., and BENTLEY, C. R. Ultrasonic measurements on ice cores from Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, drill hole. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 148–50. [Results of examination of variation of wave speed with depth and of anisotropy.]Google Scholar
KOTLYAKOV, V.M. Nablyudeniya za lednikami [Observations on glaciers]. Chelovek i Stikhiya, [Vyp. 4], 1976 [pub. 1975], p. 101–02. [Stresses need for further co-ordinating information on fluctuations of glaciers.]Google Scholar
Kovacs, A., and GOW, A. J. Subsurface measurements of the Ross Ice Shelf, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 146–48. [Study of brine infiltration zone.]Google Scholar
LANG, H., and others. Hydroglaciological investigations on the Ewigschneefeld—Gr. Aletschgletscher; ablation, meltwater infiltration, water table in firn, heat balance, by H. Lang, B. Schädler and G. Davidson. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde and Glazialgeologie, Bd. 12, Ht. 2, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 109–24. [Presents results of measurements made in this accumulation basin in firn region of Grosser Aletschgletscher, Switzerland, in attempt to determine mass balance by means of hydrological balance and to establish models of glacier run-off as forecasting tool.]Google Scholar
LANGWAY, C.C., jr., and CHIANG, E. Central ice core storage facility and information exchange. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 154–56. [Describes transport of cores by ship and their storage in United States. Tables show Arctic and Antarctic ice core inventory and details of studies carried out by various institutions between January 1976 and August 1977.]Google Scholar
LANGWAY, C.C., jr., and HERRON, M. M. Polar ice core analysis. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 152–54. [Describes field studies in Antarctica and laboratory studies in United States on establishing and characterizing nature of ice sheets during their chronological development.]Google Scholar
LöSCHHORN, U., and others. Modellmässige Bestimmung von hydrologischen Verweilzeiten in einem vergletscherten Einzugsgebiet mit Hilfe von Messungen des Deuterium- und Tritiumgehaltes, von U. Löschhorn und W. Ambach, H. Moser und W. Stichler. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. 12, Ht. 2, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 181–86. [Presents results of measurements of changes in deuterium content after end of ablation and in tritium content in winter in run-off from glacierized basin in Swiss Alps since 1963.]Google Scholar
MAE, S. Hyōshō oyobi hyōga no hyōkōhenka no gen-in ni tsuite—nankyoku Mizuho-kōgen hyōshō to Nepãru Himaraya Kunbu hyōga no baai [The variation of the thickness of the Mizuho plateau ice sheet, east Antarctica, and the Khumbu glacier, Nepal Himalaya]. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1977, p. 117–24. [Concludes thinning of Mizuho ice sheet due to basal slide because of basal melting, whereas thickening in middle of Khumbu glacier was due to increase in compressive strain-rate because of propagation of kinematic wave. English summary, p. 524.]Google Scholar
MAKSIMOV, N.V., and others. Basseyny levykh pritokov r. Naryna of ust’ya r. Atbashi do ust’ya r. Karadar’I [Basins of the left-bank tributaries of the river Naryna from the mouth of the river Atbashi to the mouth of the river Karadar’i]. [By] N. V. Maksimov, V. P. Fateyev, P. N. Prokopova. Katalog lednikov SSSR [Catalogue of glaciers of the U.S.S.R.], Tom 14, Vyp. 1, 1977, 52 P. [Part of I.H.D. catalogue giving details of what is known of glaciers in this part of Central Asia. The Tom and Vyp. numbers correspond with those of Resursy poverkhnostnykh vod SSSR [Surface water resources of the U.S.S.R.].]Google Scholar
MATSUMOTO, Y., and others. 1975–1976 nen no Yamato sanmyaku ni okeru hyōga sokutei-yō no guriddo setchi ni tsuite [Setting up a strain grid for measurement of glacier movement, Yamato Mountains, Antarctica, 1975–76]. [By] Y. Matsumoto, M. Manabe, M. Funaki. .Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, No. 60, 1977, p. 93–99. [Describes traverse and grid, austral summer 1975–76. English abstract, p. 93.]Google Scholar
MEIER, S. Die kustennahe Eisdecke des westlichen Enderby-Landes, Antarktis. Beiträge. zu Relief, Bewegung and Massenhaushalt. Gotha, Leipzig, VEB Hermann Haack, 1977. 104 p. [Discusses relief, movement, and mass of coastal ice sheet of western Enderby Land, with particular reference to field work on Hays and Campbell glaciers and ice cap near Molodezhnaya station.]Google Scholar
MERCER, J.H. West Antarctic ice sheet and CO2 greenhouse effect: a threat of disaster. Nature, Vol. 271, No. 5643, 1978, p. 321–25. [Contends rapid 5 m rise in sea-level caused by deglaciation of Antarctica may be imminent after atmospheric CO2 has doubled, which will occur in 50 years if fossil fuel continues to be consumed at present rate or in 200 years if consumption is held at today’s level.]Google Scholar
NAGATA, T. A theoretical steady state profile of ice sheets (two-dimensional model). Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, No. 60, 1977, p. 13–27. [Suggests modifications of Nye’s and Haefeli’s models.]Google Scholar
PANOV, V.D. Basseyny pravyykh pritikov r. Sunzhi.—Basseyn r. Mzymty [Basins of the right-bank tributaries of the river Sunzhi.—Basin of the river Mzymty]. Katalog lednikov SSSR [Catalogue of glaciers of the U.S.S.R.’ Tom 8, Chast’ 12; Tom 9, Vyp. 1, Chast’ 1, 1977, 52 p. [Part of I.H.D. catalogue giving details of what is known of glaciers in this part of the Northern Caucasus and western Zakavkaz’ye. The Tom and Vyp. numbers correspond with those of Resursy poverkhnostnykh vod SSSR [Surface water resources of the U.S.S.R.].]Google Scholar
PANOV, V.V., and FEDOTOV, V. 1., ed. Pripay Vostochnoy Antarktidy [The fast ice of eastern Antarctica]. Trudy Sovetskoy Antarkticheskoy Ekspeditsii, Tom 63, 1977, 130 p. [Structure, physical, and mechanical properties.]Google Scholar
PARTL, R. Power from glaciers: the hydropower potential of Greenland’s glacial waters. Laxenburg, Austria, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 1977. vii, 52 p. (RR-77-20.)Google Scholar
RAND, J. Ross lee Shelf Project drilling, October-December 1976. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 150–52. [Describes drilling system and difficulties encountered during drilling which forced cessation of activities.]Google Scholar
RAYMOND, C.F. Finite element calculation of ice deformation. Antarctic Journal of the United States, VOL 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 130–31. [Describes progress on development of finite-element computer programmes for calculation of deformation of ice masses.]Google Scholar
SCHOMMER, P. Wasserspiegelmessungen im Firn des Ewigschneefeldes (Schweizer Alpcn) 1976. Zeitschrift .für Gletscherkunde and Glazialgeologie, Bd. 12, Ht. 2, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 125–41. [Water level in firn of area of Grosser Aletschgletscher measured from June to November.]Google Scholar
THOMAS, R.H., and MACAYEAL, D. R. Glaciological measurements on the Ross Ice Shelf. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 144–45. [Results of strain-rate measurements carried out as part of Ross Ice Shelf Geophysical and Glaciological Survey (RIGGS).]Google Scholar
THOMPSON, E.M., and THOMPSON, L. G. Microparticle analysis of the 101-meter South Pole ice core. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 136–37. [This analysis was applied to a variety of purposes, including study of atmospheric turbidity, variations in accumulation rates, and particle concentrations and compositions during Little Ice Age.]Google Scholar
TSOME, V. SH., and DRORYSHEV, O. A. Basseyny rek Fiagdona, Gizel’dona.—Basseyn verkhov’yev r. Tereka [Basins of the rivers Fiagdona and Gizel’dona.—Basin of the upper course of the river Tereka]. Katalog lednikov SSSR [Catalogue of glaciers of the U.S.S.R.], Tom 8, Chast’ 10, Chast’ 11, 1977, 71 p. [Part of I.H.D. catalogue giving details of what is known of glaciers in this part of the Northern Caucasus. The Tom number corresponds with that of Resursy poverkhnostnykh vod SSSR [Surface water resources of the U.S.S.R.].]Google Scholar
TSUCHIYA, I. Chōkai-san Kaigata shōhyōga no seppyō kikōgakuteki kenkyū. 1. Nennenhendō to nensōkōzō [Glacio-climatological study on the Kaigata small glacier, Mt. Chokai. 1. Interannual variation and structure of annual boundary layer]. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1977, p. 65–76. [Presents results of observations made since 1972. English summary, p. 76.]Google Scholar
TVEDE, A.M., and LIESTOL, O. Blomsterskardbreen, Folgefonni, mass balance and recent fluctuations. Norsk Polarinstitutt. Årbok, 1976 [pub. 5977], p. 225–33. [Although maximum extension in post-glacial time for Norwegian glaciers is supposed to have occurred in eighteenth century, observations at this glacier show maximum in 1940.]Google Scholar
YOSHIDA, Y. Nankyoku ni okeru hyōshō no hendō to dai-yonki [Fluctuation of the Antarctic ice sheet and the Quaternary]. Dai-yonki Kenkyū: Quaternary Research, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1977, p. 168–75. [Reviews present knowledge of Quaternary in Antarctica. English abstract, p. 168.]Google Scholar
YOSHIDA, Y., and MUROZUMI, M. Mizuho hyōshō no suigin no rittai bunpu [Mercury profile of Mizuho ice sheet, Antarctica]. Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, No. 59, 1977, p. 26–29. [Mercury concentration is much higher in recent snows than in ancient ice, reflecting progressive atmospheric pollution by heavy metals. English abstract, p. 26.]Google Scholar
YOSHIKAWA, T. Kikō henka—hyōga no hendō—kaisuijun henka [Climatic changes, glacier variations and eustatic changes in sea level]. Dai-yonki Kenkyū: Quaternary Research, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1977, p. 193–95. [Brief review of glacial history of Antarctica, from Scott’s 1901–04 observations to present theories.]Google Scholar

Icebergs. Sea, River and Lake Ice

ACKLEY, S.F. Sea ice studies in the Weddell Sea region aboard USCGC Burton Island. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 172–73. [Includes studies on movement, thickness, and salinity.]Google Scholar
BARBER, F.G., and HUYER, A. On the oceanography of Jones Sound, NWT. Ottawa, Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment, Marine Sciences Directorate, 1977. 48 p. (Manuscript Report Series No. 40.) [Presents and discusses model of oceanography of this sound, which includes annual ice cover as one of the relevant features.]Google Scholar
CAMPBELL, W.J., and others. An integrated approach to the remote sensing of floating ice, by W. J. Campbell, R. O. Ramseier, W. F. Weeks and P. Gloersen. (In Thompson, G. E., ed. Third Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Hotel Macdonald, Edmonton, Alberta, September 22–24, 1975. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1976], p. 39–72.) [Discusses remote sensing requirements for floating ice studies, also capabilities of existing and future sensors in meeting these.]Google Scholar
CAMPBELL, W.J., and others. Skylab floating ice experiment, [by] W. J. Campbell, R. 0. Ramseier and R. J. Weaver, W. F. Weeks. Ottawa, Dept. of Fisheries and the Environment. Fisheries and Marine Service, 1977. [64] P. (Miscellaneous Special Publication No. 34.) [Presents spacecraft–aircraft–surface multi-sensor view of sea ice in Gulf of St. Lawrence and lake ice in Thousand Islands-St. Lawrence River during January and February 1974.]Google Scholar
CHRISTENSON, A. Winter navigation and ice breaking service in the Baltic area—problems and requirements. (In World Meteorological Organization. Papers presented at the WMO technical conference on the applications of marine meteorology to the high seas and coastal zone development. Geneva, 22–26 November 1976.Geneva, Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization, [e1976], p. 275–86. (WMO—No. 454.)) [Describes organization of this service and of ice reconnaissance and forecasting in Sweden.]Google Scholar
CLARKE, A.J. On wind-driven quasi-gcostrophic water movements near fast-ice edges. Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 25, No. 5, 1978, p. 41–51. [Theory shows currents near fast sea ice could be generated by infinite wind-stress curl occurring at ice edge, while those near shelf ice are related to wind forced long waves.]Google Scholar
COWLEY, J.E., and others. A model study of St. Mary’s River ice navigation, [by] J. E. Cowley, J. W. Hayden and W. W. Willis. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 3, 1977, p. 380–91. [On basis of hydraulic model tests, ice navigation on river between lakes Superior and Huron was facilitated by arrangement of ice booms.]Google Scholar
DAY, T.J., and ANDERSON, J. C. Observations on river ice, Thomsen River, Banks Island, District of Franklin. Project 750079. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 76-1B, 1976, p. 187–96. [Reports observations on occurrence and characteristics of river ice to assess consequences of jamming, scour, and channel stability.]Google Scholar
DEY, B., and others. The use of satellite imagery for monitoring ice break-up along the Mackenzie River, N.W.T., [by] B. Dey, H. Moore and A. F. Gregory. Arctic, Vol. 30, No. 4, 1977, p. 234–42. [For 1975–77, dates of break-up derived from satellite images correlated well with dates noted at valley stations. Satellite imagery could be used where no ground-truth data exist.]Google Scholar
DORONIN, Yu. P., and KHEISIN [i.e. KHEYSIN], D. E. Sea ice. Translated by Y. V. Kathavate. Edited by V. S. Kothekar. Rotterdam, A. A. Balkema, [e1977]. xi, 323 p. [Translation of Morskoy led. Leningrad, Gidrometeoizdat, 1975. Available from U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161.]Google Scholar
EGGINTON, P.A. The effect of bottom-fast ice on the stage-discharge relationship. Canada, Geological Survey. Paper 78-1A, 1978, p. 493–95. [Observations on rivers in Fort Norman–Wrigley area, District of Mackenzie, Northwest Territories.]Google Scholar
FREMLING, S. Sjöisars bärighet vid trafik. 3, 1977, v, 68 leaves. [Bearing capacity of lake ice used for vehicles. Takes into account motion of vehicles, or when they are stationary. English abstract, leaves i–iv.]Google Scholar
FREMLING, S. Sjöisars beroende av väder och vind, snö och vatten. Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut. Rapporter. Hydrologi och Oceanografi, Nr. 12, 1977, 113 p. [Discusses lake icD: freeze-up, break-up, and thickness, different kinds and how they form, influence of temperature, and effect of water movement in the lake.]Google Scholar
GANONG, W.F. What constitutes a modern ice information service? Marine Observer, Vol. 48, No. 259, 1978, p. 34–37. [Describes Canadian ice information service in support of shipping.]Google Scholar
GEDNEY, R.T., and others. An operational all-weather Great Lakes ice information system, [by] R. T. Gedney, R. J. Schertler, R. A. Mueller, R. J. Jirberg and H. Mark. (In Thompson, G. E., ed. Third Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing, Hotel Macdonald, Edmonton, Alberta, September 22–24, 1975. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1976], p. 73–82.) [System uses side-looking airborne radar for determining ice type, location, and areal distribution, and airborne S-band down-looking short pulse radar for obtaining ice thickness.]Google Scholar
GUSTAJTIS, A. Iceberg scour survey—Labrador Shelf. C-CORE News (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering), Vol. 2, No. 4, 1977, p. 7–8. [Seismic surveys carried out over several years will enable scours to be identified and studied. Describes technique and apparatus used.]Google Scholar
[ICE ISLANDS.] “T-3 again on the move.” Naval Research Reviews, Vol. 30, No. 10, 1977, p. 18. [Movement of ice island recorded by satellite in July 1977. Likely to have resumed drift around Beaufort Sea.]Google Scholar
Kovacs, A. Iceberg thickness profiling using an impulse radar. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 140–42. [Presents results of using this system to measure thickness of iceberg in McMurdo Sound.]Google Scholar
KUKLA, G.J. Antarctic pack ice cover variations. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 138–40. [Pack ice in 1971–73 dissipated later in year and covered larger area than in 1974–76 and probably also in 1966–70. Variation in phase with snow cover fluctuations in northern hemisphere.]Google Scholar
LEDREW, B.R., and CULSHAW, S. T., camp. Ship-in-the-ice data report. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) 77-28, 1977, iii, [321] p. (C-CORE Data Report 1977. NORDCO File Ref. 39-76.) [Purpose of this report is to gather together all data obtained during 1977 programme.]Google Scholar
MCQUILLAN, A.K., and CLOUGH, D.J. Benefits of remote sensing systems to petroleum operations in Canadian ice-infested waters. (In Thompson, G.E., ed. Third Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing. Hotel Macdonald, Edmonton, Alberta, September 22–24, 1975. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1976], p. 109–20.) [Discusses economic and environmental benefits.]Google Scholar
OMSTEDT, A., and SAHLBERG, J. Some results from a joint Swedish-Finnish sea ice experiment, March 1977. Sveriges Meteorologiska och Hydrologiska Institut. Rapporter. Meteorologi och Klimatologi, Nr. 10, 1978, [49] leaves. [Measurements in Gulf of Bothnia of wind, air temperature, ice drift, ice mass, salinity, and temperature of ice as well as currents and salinity and temperature of sea-water.]Google Scholar
PALMER, W.T. The influence surface method for floating ice plates. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1977, p. 224–34. [Presents results for loading of ice cover, assuming elastic response, and shows how they may be applied by use of surface influences to bending moment analysis of floating ice plates.]Google Scholar
PARADIS, M., and ACKMAN, R.G. Influence of ice cover and man on the odd-chain hydrocarbons and fatty acids in the waters of Jeddore Harbour, Nova Scotia. Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Vol. 34, No. 11, 1977, p. 2156–63. [Analyses show pristane and phytane virtually disappeared in winter.]Google Scholar
ROBE, R.Q. Upwelling by icebergs. Nature, Vol. 274 No. 5646, 1978, p. 687. [Criticizes article by S. Neshyba, ibid., Vol. 267, No. 5611, 1977, p. 507–08.]Google Scholar
ROGGENSACK, W.D. Large scale laboratory direct shear tests on ice. Canadian Geotechnical journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1975, p. 169–78. [Presents results of tests on polycrystalline fresh-water ice.]Google Scholar
[SEA ICE.] Ohōtsuku-kai hokubu engan no ketsuhyō no atsusa [Thickness of coastal ice in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk]. Hakodate Kaiyō-kishō-dai. Kaijō Kishō Hōkoku, No. 33, 1977, p. 29–30. [Results of measurements of thickness of sea ice in this area and relation to average air temperature, 1963 to 1972.]Google Scholar
[SEA ICE.] Ryūhyō to konbu [Relation between pack ice and production of seaweed]. Hakodate Kaiyō-kishō-dai. Kaijō Kishō Hōkoku, No. 33, 1977, p. 31–32. [As seaweed increases, so pack ice decays.]Google Scholar
SHAW, E. Near real-time transmission of sea-ice satellite imagery. (In Thompson, G.E., ed. Third Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing. Hotel Macdonald, Edmonton, Alberta, September 22–24, 1975. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1976], p. 83–91.) [Satellite images produced on camera system were telecopied to shipping in Arctic.]Google Scholar
SINYURIN, Yu. Szhatiya I’da na Azovskom more [Ice compression on the Sea of Azov]. Morskoy Flot, 1978, No. 3, p. 30–31. [Survey made 1968–74 to aid passage of convoys.]Google Scholar
TATINCLAUT, J.-C. Equilibrium thickness of ice jams. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 103, No. HY9, 1977, p. 959–74. [Presents results of laboratory study of equilibrium thickness reached by ice jam due to accumulation and transport of ice-floes beneath ice cover prior to jam collapse by internal failure.]Google Scholar
UZUNER, M.S. Stability analysis of floating and submerged ice floes. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 103, No. HY7, 1977, p. 713–22. [Studies thickening of ice jams, analysing stability of ice blocks beneath or at leading edge of ice cover.]Google Scholar
WADHAMS, P. Wave decay in the marginal ice zone measured from a submarine. Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 25, No. t, 1978, p. 23–40. [Wave recordings made under ice margin between Greenland and Spitsbergen using inverted echo sounder. Exponential decay of wave energy with distance into pack ice observed, with attenuation rate which increased as square of wave frequency. Observations agree quite well with theory based on one-dimensional scattering by independent ice-floes.]Google Scholar
WORSFOLD, R.D. Airborne radiation thermometer studies and error correction methods over sea ice. St. John’s, Newfoundland, Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering, [1977]. i, 24 p. (C-CORE Reference Number 77-20.) [Data collected over Forteau Bay, Labrador, 13 March 1976, at six different altitudes. Corrected results were compared to ground truth data.]Google Scholar
WORSFOLD, R, D., and others. Ground truth measurements, Goose Bay, by R. D. Worsfold [and 7 others]. C-CORE Publication (Memorial University of Newfoundland. Centre for Cold Ocean Resources Engineering) No. 77-38, 1977, x, 91 p. (Project SAR ’77. Field Data Report No. 9.) [Data obtained at and near Goose Bay, Labrador, for use with synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery.]Google Scholar

Glacial Geology

AARIO, R. Classification and terminology of morainic Iandforms in Finland. Boreas, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1977, p. 87–100.Google Scholar
ADDISON, K. Landform landmarks. Magnificent Nant Ffrancon on the Holyhead road. Geographical Magazine, Vol. 50, No. 5, 1978, p. 315–19. [Describes appearance and formation of this glaciated valley in North Wales. For the general reader.]Google Scholar
AGRELL, H. A glacial cirque form in central Sweden? Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 59A, Nos. 3-4, 1977, p. 215–19. [Describes bedrock form similar to glacial cirque, unusual at altitude below 500 m a.s.l.]Google Scholar
AGRELL, H. The highest coastline in south-eastern Sweden. Boreas, Vol. 5, No. 3, 1976, p. 143–54. [Data from highest level of Baltic ice lake compiled from various recent investigations and survey map presented and discussed.]Google Scholar
ASEYEV, A.A., and MAKKAVEYEV, A.N. Glyatsiomorfologicheskiye kriterii erozii drevnikh materikovykh pokrovov Yevropy [Glaciomorphological criteria of the erosion of the continental ice sheets of Europe]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp, 29, 1977, p. 240–47. [Discusses glacial deposition and erosion in northern Europe. English summary, p. 247.]Google Scholar
BABCOCK, E.A., and others. Shear phenomena in ice-thrust gravels, central Alberta, [by] E. A. Babcock, M. M. Fenton and L. D. Andriashek. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1978, p. 277–81. [Shows that stresses generated during ice thrusting are large enough to produce complete pulverization of strong quartzite clasts in gravels.]Google Scholar
BANHAM, P.H. Glacitectonites in till stratigraphy. Boreas, Vol. 6, No. 2, 1977, p. 101–05.Google Scholar
BARANOWSKI, S. Changes of Spitsbergen glaciation at the end of the Pleistocene and in the Holocene. Quaestiones Geographicae (Poznań), [No.] 4, 1977, p. 5–27. [Discusses changes in Spitsbergen glaciation together with probable course of glaciation on Barents Sea in relation to evolution sequence of Scandinavian ice sheet.]Google Scholar
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Frost Action on Rocks and Soil. Frozen Ground. Permafrost

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KING, L. Permafrostuntersuchungen in Tarfala (Schwedisch Lappland) mit Hilfe der Hammerschlagseismik. Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde und Glazialgeologie, Bd. I2, Ht. 2, 1976 [pub. 1977], p. 187–204. [Describes use of hammer seismograph to measure occurrence and thickness of permafrost in Tarfala, northern Sweden, and comments upon results.]Google Scholar
LAU, J.S.O., and LAWRENCE, D.E. Winter ground-ice distribution for selected map areas, Mackenzie Valley. Project 730026. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 76–1B, 1976, p. 161–68. [Three areas studied. Amount, form, and distribution of ground ice varied considerably with soil type and location.]Google Scholar
LUCKMAN, B.H., and CROCKETT, K.J. Distribution and characteristics of rock glaciers in the southern part of Jasper National Park, Alberta. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1978, p. 540–50. [Preliminary results of on-going studies in this area. Air photograph inventory identifies 119 rock glaciers.]Google Scholar
MACKAY, J.R. The age of Ibyuk pingo, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, District of Mackenzie. Project 680047. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 76–1B, 1976, p. 59–60. [Precise surveying of bench-marks for period 1973–75 shows pingo is growing, with growth rate increasing from base to summit. According to these results, it is about 1 000 years old.]Google Scholar
MACKAY, J.R. The surface temperature of an ice-rich melting permafrost exposure, Garry Island, Northwest Territories. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 78–1A, 1978, p. 521–22. [Radiometer surface temperature measurements of thawing head-wall on bright August day shows all temperatures were well above o°C, including that of lens ice covered by only a thin film of water. Temperatures varied considerably according to nature of material exposed.]Google Scholar
MACKAY, J.R. The use of snow fences to reduce ice-wedge cracking, Garry Island, Northwest Territories. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 78–IA, 1978, P. 523–24. [As ice-wedge cracking is dependent on snow depth, snow fences effectively prevented its occurrence, except for areas at ends of fences where snow depth was sparser.]Google Scholar
MORGENSTERN, N. R, and NIXON, J.F. An analysis of the performance of a warm-oil pipeline in permafrost, Inuvik, N.W.T. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol 12, No. 2, 1977, p. 599–208. [Analyses data collected at pipeline making use of theory of thaw–consolidation proposed earlier (ibid., Vol. 8, No. 4, 1971, p. 558–65) by same authors. Agreement found between prediction and observation.]Google Scholar
NIXON, J.F. First Canadian Geotechnical Colloquium: foundation design approaches in permafrost areas. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1978, p. 96–112. [Assesses mechanical behaviour of frozen soils and indicates some analytical methods that may be used to predict response of foundation following construction and loading.]Google Scholar
PEDERSEN, K.B. Litt om frostsikring av norske vegtunneler. Frost i Jord, No. 59, 1977, p. 27–32. [Describes protection of road tunnel walls against frost in Norway. English summary, p. 32.]Google Scholar
PISSART, A., and FRENCH, H.M. The origin of pingos in regions of thick permafrost, western Canadian Arctic. Quaestiones Geographicae, [No.] 4, 1977, p. 149–60. [Describes pingos which illustrate situations where closed system growth has occurred in different geomorphic settings from classic Mackenzie type.]Google Scholar
POPOV, A.I., and DANILOV, I.D., ed. Geograficheskiye problemy izucheniya Severa [Geographical problems in the study of the north]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, 1977. 167 p. [Includes the following articles relating to the Soviet north: I. D. Danilov and L. A. Zhigarev, “Nekotoryye aspekty morskoy kriologii arkticheskoy litoral’no-shel’fovaya zony [Some aspects of the study of marine frozen rocks of the Arctic coastal and shelf zone]”, p. 115–35; L. A. Zhigarev and I. P. Plakht, “Mnogoletnemerzlyye i mnogoletneokhlazhdennyye porody Van’kinoy guby [Permanently frozen and permanently cooled rocks of Van’kina Guba]”, p. 136–42; L. A. Zhigarev and I. P. Plakht, “Sezonnokriogennyye porody Van’kinoy guby [Seasonally frozen rocks of Van’kina Guba]”, p. 143–49.]Google Scholar
KOLSHOVEN, M. Aktive Frostmusterung in Augsberg. Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, Bd. 27, 1976, p. 189–92. [Describes patterned ground at Augsberg, south Germany.]Google Scholar
SALVIGSEN, O. An observation of palsa-like forms in Nordaustlandet, Spitsbergen. Norsk Polarinstitutt. Årbok,1976 [pub. 1977], p. 364–67. [Describes two ice-cored peat mounds studied at Svartknausflya, Nordaustlandet, Svalbard.]Google Scholar
SCHUNKE, E. Die Periglazialerscheinungen Islands in Abhangigkeit von Klima und Substrat. Abhandlungen derAkademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen. Mathematisch-physikalische Klasse, 3. Folge, Nr. 30, 1975, [306] p. [Discusses 1970–72 periglacial and morphological field studies in Iceland. Regional analysis shows many forms of cryogenic processes occurring in humid-periglacial conditions. English summary, p. 232–37.]Google Scholar
SCHUNK., E, E. Zur Genese der Thufur Islands and Ost-Grönlands. Erdkunde, Bd. 31, Ht. 4, 1977, p. 279–87. [Discusses and compares formation of these frost-formed earth hummocks in Iceland and east Greenland, with reference to the different climates of these countries.]Google Scholar
SHAKESBY, R.A. Dispersal of glacial erraties from Lennoxtown, Stirlingshire. Scottish Journal of Geology, Vol. 14, No. 1, 1978, p. 81–86. [Uses dry-stone walls to trace fans of erratics from two adjacent outcrops of essexite.]Google Scholar
SLOAN, C.E., and others. Icings along the trans-Alaska pipeline route, by C. E. Sloan, C. Zenone and L. R. Mayo. U.S. Geological Survey. Professional Paper 979, 1976, vi, 31 p. [Maps and photographs show location and extent of icings observed during six winters, 1969–74. Discusses effects of construction of pipeline on these and creation of new icings.]Google Scholar
SOLOMATIN, V.I. Iskopayemyye relikty lednikovogo l’da na severe Zapadnoy Sibiri [Fossil relics of glacier ice in the north of West Siberia]. Materialy Glyatsiologicheskikh Issledovaniy. Khronika. Obsuzhdeniya, Vyp. 29, 1977, p. 233–40. [English summary, p. 239–40.]Google Scholar
STäBLEIN, G. Permafrost im periglazialen Westgrönland. Erdkunde, Bd. 31, Ht. 4, 1977, p. 272–79. [Discusses formation, distribution, and depth of permafrost at sites in west Greenland. Continuous permafrost begins near Upernavik (72° 47′ N.).]Google Scholar
TAKASHI, T., and others. Ichijigen-teisokudo-tōketsu ni okeru tōketsumen-zenpō no kangeki-suiatsu to dassuiatsumitsu [Pore water pressure and consolidation in unfrozen soil near the freezing front]. [By] T. Takashi, T. Ōrai, H. Yamamoto. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1977, p. 53–64. [Theoretical analysis. English summary, P. 64.]Google Scholar
TOLSTIKHIN, N.I., and TOLSTIKHIN, O.N. Podzemnyye i poverkhnostiyye vody territorii rasprostraneniya merzloy zony [Groundwater and surface water in the permafrost region]. (In Melnikov, P.I., and Tolstikhin, O.N., ed. Obshcheye merzlotovedeniye [General permafrost studies]. Novosibirsk, Izdatel’stvo “Nauka”, 1974, p. 192–229.) [Translated by V. Poppe as Canada. [Dept. of] Fisheries and Environment Canada. Inland Waters Directorate. Water Resources Branch. Technical Bulletin No. 97, 1976, v, 25 p.]Google Scholar
TOLSTLKIHN, O, N. Naledi [Naleds]. Chelovek i Stikhiya, [Vyp. 14], 1976 [pub. 1975], p. 113–14. [Describes icings of some rivers in Yakutskaya A.S.S.R.]Google Scholar
TSYTOVICH, N.A. The mechanics of frozen ground. Edited by G. K. Swinzow. Washington, D.C., Scripta Book Co.; New York, etc., McGraw-Hill Book Co., [c1975]. xvii, 426 p. (McGraw-Hill Series in Modern Structures.) [Translation of Mekhanika merzlykh gruntov. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola, 1973.Google Scholar
VAN EVERDINGEN, R. O. Frost mounds at Bear Rock, near Fort Norman, Northwest Territories, 1975–1976. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1978, p. 263–76. [Describes these mounds, which are frost blisters or hydrolaccoliths, and discusses their formation.]Google Scholar
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WASHBURN, A.L. Analysis of permafrost cores from Antarctic dry valleys. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 113–15.Google Scholar

Meteorological and Climatological Glaciology

EVANS, I.S. World-wide variations in the direction and concentration of cirque and glacier aspects. Geografiska Annaler, Vol. 59A, Nos. 3-4, 1977, p. 151–75. [Discusses climatic inferences.]Google Scholar
HEIERSTED, R.S. Statistisk bestemmelse av klimapåkjenninger. Eksempler med frostmengde og tinemengde. Frost i Jord, No. 19, 1977, p. 33–38. [Discussion of climatic loads on constructions, based on E. J. Gumbel, Statistics of extremes. New York, Columbia University Press, 1958. English summary, p. 38.]Google Scholar
KATO, K. Factors controlling oxygen isotope composition of fallen snow in Antarctica. Nature, Vol. 272, No. 5648, 1978, p. 46–48. [Results imply ratio is controlled not only by temperature of formation but also by transportation process of the water vapour to the Antarctic ice sheet.]Google Scholar
WISHART, E.R. A simple continuous ice crystal replicator for use in laboratory cloud chambers. Journal of Applied Meteorology, Vol. 16, No. 3, 1977, p. 317–18. [By means of Schaefer “wet slide” method, applied to standard glass slide, replicator has been developed which produces good quality replicas for sampling times of up to 3 min, with time resolution approaching ±5 s.]Google Scholar

Snow

ANTIPOVA, M.A., and others. O raspredelenii snezhnogo pokrova v tsentral’noy chasti Lesistykh Karpat (na primere verkhov’ya r. Chernaya Tissa) [On the distribution of snow cover in the central part of the wooded Carpathians (for example the upper region of the Chernaya Tissa river)]. [By] M. A. Antipova, I. I. Krupnik, A. A. Sirin. Vestnik Moskovskogo Universiteta. Seriya 5, 1977, No. 4, p. 117–19. [Presents results of snow observations made 1967 to 1976 in the Ukraine. English summary, p. 119.]Google Scholar
BAKER, M.B. jr.,, and CARDER, D.R. Comparative evaluations of four snow models. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 58–67. [Describes and compares four models for predicting snow accumulation and melt, using data from Arizona, U.S.A.]Google Scholar
BARANOWSKI, S. Próba ilościowej oceny powolnych ruchów masowych w pokrywie śnieżnej [Attempt to evaluate quantitatively creep in snow cover]. Materialy Badawcze. Seria Meteorologia (Warszawa), 1977, p. 165–75. [Study of snow creep along 30° slope in Poland. Surface layer may shift 1.5 m during winter. English summary, p 175.]Google Scholar
BARTON, M., and BURKE, M. SNOTEL: an operational data acquisition system using meteor burst technology. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 82–87. [Describes this data collection, transmission, and processing system, which will eventually collect snow data from 500 remote sites in western U.S.A. Initially, 160 stations will be monitored.]Google Scholar
BOWLES, D., and ST. LAWRENCE, W. Acoustic emissions in the investigation of avalanches. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 88–94. [Presents and discusses results of laboratory and field studies.]Google Scholar
CLAGUE, J.J. Terrain hazards in the Skeena and Kitimat river basins, British Columbia. Project 750078. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 78–1A, 1978, p. 183–88. [Includes snow avalanches.]Google Scholar
COLBECK, S.C. Roof loads resulting from rain on snow: results of a physical model. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 4, No. 4, 1977, p. 482–90. [Concludes uneven distribution of snow on roof is more important than snow temperature or capillary potential. Slope of roof, drains, snow drifting, and other factors must also be considered.]Google Scholar
CUNNINGHAM, A.B. Synthesis of snowmelt runoff hydrographs. Proceedings of the American Society of Civil Engineers. Journal of the Hydraulics Division, Vol. 103, No. HY1, 1977, p. 51–67. [Describes procedure intended for use in regions of limited hydrologic data. Involves construction of relationship between air temperature and snow melt run-off based on air temperature data and hydrograph for at least one run-off event.]Google Scholar
ELLERBRUCH, D.A., and others. Microwave characteristics of snow, by D. A. Ellerbruch, W. E. Little, H. S. Boyne and D. D. Bachman. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 68–74. [Microwave signals penetrate snow non-destructively, though they are dependent on snow properties, and may provide means of sensing and measuring these properties as function of depth.]Google Scholar
FFOLLIOTT, P.F., and THORUD, D.B. The southwest’s frozen assets: snowpack management. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 12–18. [Suggests snow-pack management could be improved and snow melt water yield increased in Arizona and New Mexico, U.S.A.]Google Scholar
GREENLER, R. Optical effects resulting from airborne ice crystals. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 168–70. [Describes method of computer simulation with which these effects may be studied.]Google Scholar
GUBLER, H. Wirkung verschiedener Sprengmittel and Ladungsanordnungen zur künstlichen Auslösung von Lawinen. Winterbericht des Eidgenössischen Institutes fur Schnee- and Lawinenforschung, Nr. 40, 1977, p. 117–22. [Effect of different explosive materials and charges on artificial release of avalanches.]Google Scholar
HALL, D.K., and others. Passive microwave studies of snowpack properties, by D. K. Hall, A. Chang, J. L. Foster, A. Rango and T. Schmugge. NASA Technical Memorandum 78089, 1978, iii, 11 p. [Discusses data obtained by aircraft over Colorado, U.S.A.]Google Scholar
HANSEN, P.L. Experiences in snow cover mapping in the Saint John River basin. (In Thompson, G.E., ed. Third Canadian Symposium on Remote Sensing. Hotel Macdonald, Edmonton, Alberta, September 22–24, 1975. Ottawa, Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, [1976], p. 315–22.) [Deals with satellite mapping of snow cover in connection with flood forecasting.]Google Scholar
HAYASHI, M. Higashi Onguru-tō tōbu no sekkei no yōsetsu [On melt water of snow-patches in the eastern part of East Ongul Island]. Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, No. 60, 1977, p. 28–37. [Measurements of melt water made during austral summer at Syowa station in order to obtain information on wastage of ice masses. English abstract, p. 28.]Google Scholar
INOUE, M., and FUJINO, K. Measurements of drifting snow at Mizuho camp, east Antarctica, 1974–75. Nankyoku Shiryō: Antarctic Record, No. 60, 1977, p. 1–12. [Significant correlation found between total drift transport and wind speed at height of 10 m above surface.]Google Scholar
JACKSON, M.C. Sixty years of snow depths in Birmingham. Weather, Vol. 33, No. 1, 1978, p. 32–34. [Unique set of snow data for the British Isles.]Google Scholar
JONASSON, I.R. Trace metals in snow strata as indicators of silver-arsenide vein mineralization, Camsell River area, District of Mackenzie. Project 740081. Canada. Geological Survey. Paper 76-1B, 1976, p. 71–75. [Atomic absorption data. Evaluates results critically.]Google Scholar
JUDSON, A. The avalanche warning program in Colorado. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 19–27. [Discusses this system, which has now been in operation for four years.]Google Scholar
KATO, K. Factors controlling oxygen isotopic composition of fallen snow in Antarctica. Nature, Vol. 272, No. 5648, 1978, p, 46–48. [Found that this is largely controlled by supply of 18O-rich water vapour resulting from approach of cyclone and is strongly related to distance of sampling station from-open sea.]Google Scholar
KIMURA, T. Pressure pillow ni yoru sekisetsu sōtō suiryō no kansoku [Snow water equivalent observations by means of pressure pillows]. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1977, p. 125–31. [Method described had error of less than 10% compared with values obtained with snow sampler. English summary, p. 131.]Google Scholar
KIRDAR, E., and others. The application of aerial and satellite snow-mapping techniques for multi-purpose reservoir system operations in Arizona, by E. Kirdar, H. H. Schumann, W. L. Warskow. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 95–101. [Describes systems used and shows how they may complement one another.]Google Scholar
KITAMURA, M., and IMANAGA, M. Gōsetsuchi sugibayashi no setsugai hassei jōken ni kansuru kenkyū. 1 [Studies on conditions of tree damage by snow. 1]. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 2, 1977, p. 77–83. [Observations made for 10years, commencing when trees were six years old. At end of period, less than half were undamaged. English summary, p. 83.]Google Scholar
KLEMENTOWSKI, J. Morfologiczne skutki lawiny śnieżnej w Karkonoszach w zimie 1976 r. [The morphological consequences of a snow avalanche in the Karkonosze range in winter 1976]. Czasopismo Geograficzne, Tom 48, Zeszyt 3, 1977, p. 307–12. [These snow-soil avalanches occur every five or six years in this range of mountains in Poland.]Google Scholar
KöRNER, H. J. Flow mechanisms and resistances in the debris streams of rock slides. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology (Krefeld), No. t6, 1977, p. 101–04. [Presents models for calculation of mountain slides and avalanches.]Google Scholar
KöRNER, H. J. Lignes d’énergie et vitesse de l’avalanche. Neiges et Avalanches (Association Nationale pour l’Étude de la Neige et des Avalanches, Grenoble), No. 14, 1977, p. 33–45. [Theory of movement of avalanches.]Google Scholar
Kovacs, A., and Gow, A.J. Dielectric constant and reflection coefficient of the snow surface and near-surface internal layers in the McMurdo Ice Shelf. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 137–38. [Presents results of pilot study which shows that layers of dielectric discontinuity can be detected at shallow depths in polar snow.]Google Scholar
KRAMER, M.L., and others. Snowfall observations from natural-draft cooling tower plumes, [by] M. L. Kramer, D. E. Seymour, M. E. Smith, R. W. Reeves, T. T. Frankenberg. Science, Vol. 193, No. 4259, 1976, p. 1239–41. [Presents observations on and discusses this artificially induced snowfall.]Google Scholar
LETTAU, H. Thermal response to albedo reduction on Antarctic snow-modeling results. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 134–36. [Climatonomical modelling.]Google Scholar
LIKENS, G.E. Acid precipitation. Chemical and Engineering News, Vol. 54, No. 48, 1976, p. 29–31, 35–37, 42–44. [Strong acids have lowered pH of rain and snow in northern Europe and eastern U.S.A. in recent years and are harming fish, trees, buildings, and are threat to human health.]Google Scholar
MANLEY, G. Variation in the frequency of snowfall in east-central Scotland, 1708–1975. Meteorological Magazine, Vol. 107, No. 1266, 1978, p. 1–16. [For this area, records can be assembled of the number of days with snow or sleet observed to have fallen since 1754, with reasonable extension back to 1708, by using wide variety of sources. This material is standardized and discussed.]Google Scholar
MARUYAMA, K. Shashin de miru nadare ni yoru tetsudō-jiko ni tsuite [Photography as a means of observing railway accidents due to avalanches]. Seppyō, Vol. 39, No. 3, 1977, p. 149–56. [Suggests, with example, series of photographs may provide useful means of recording these disasters.]Google Scholar
MATHEWS, W.H., and MACKAY, J.R. Snow creep: its engineering problems and some techniques and results of its investigation. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 12, No. 2, 1975, p. 187–98. [Describes instruments and techniques designed to provide approximate values of rates of snow creep and applied loads using simple, durable, inexpensive equipment.]Google Scholar
NOGAMI, M. Waga kuni no etsunensei sekkei to hyōga [Perennial snow-patches in Japan]. Dai-yonki Kenkyū: Quaternary Research, Vol. 15, No. 4, 1977, p. 218–21. [Reviews recent studies.]Google Scholar
ØDEGAARD, H. A., and #x00D8;STREM, G. Application of satellite data for snow mapping. LANDSAT-2 contract no. 29020: “Hydrological investigations in Norway”. Final report. Norges Vassdrags- og Elektrisitetsvesen. Vassdragsdirektoratet. Hydrologisk Avdeling, Rapport Nr. 9-77, 1977, 61 p. [Study of relationship between remaining snow on ground in spring and subsequent melt-water run-off in Norway.]Google Scholar
PRICE, A.G. Snowmelt runoff processes in a subarctic area. McGill University. Dept. of Geography. McGill Sub-Arctic Research Paper No. 29, 1977, xi, 106 p. (Climatological Research Series No. 10.) [Application of physical modelling to both prediction of hourly and daily melt rates, and to prediction of daily slope snow melt hydrographs resulting from diurnal snow melt cycles. Treats whole process of snow melt from melting at surface to discharge from slope base.]Google Scholar
RANGO, A. Remote sensing: snow monitoring tool for today and tomorrow. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 75–81. [Discusses various systems now available.]Google Scholar
RISEBOROUGH, R.W. Investigations at dome C in the austral summer of 1976–1977. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 131–32. [Describes field work on chemical composition of snow at this site (74° 30′ S., 123° 10′ E.) in east Antarctica.]Google Scholar
RZHEVSKIY, B.N., and SAMOYLOV, V.A. Eksperimental’nyye issledovaniya dinamiki lavin v Khibinakh [Experimental avalanche dynamics studies in the Khibiny mountain region]. Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 1977, No. 12, p. 97–100. [Murmanskaya Oblast’.]Google Scholar
[SNOW-STORMS.] The snowstorm of 13 January 1977—a satellite portrait. Weather, Vol. 33, No. 4, 1978, p. 138–39. [Two photographs (visible and infra-red) taken by NOAA-5 satellite showing conditions responsible for one of heaviest snowfalls in southern Great Britain in recent times.]Google Scholar
TANGBORN, W.V. Application of a new hydrometeorological streamflow prediction model. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 35–43. [Presents model and applies to predictions of in-flow to four reservoirs in Washington, U.S.A.]Google Scholar
TESCHE, T. Avalanche zoning: current status, obstacles and future needs. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 44–51. [Discusses difficulties of zoning land in hazardous areas in the U.S.A. Plan that restricts land use raises many social, economic, legal, political, and technical issues.]Google Scholar
TWEDT, T.M., and others. National Weather Service extended streamflow prediction, by T. M. Twedt, J. C. Schaake, Jr., and E. L. Peck. Proceedings of the Western Snow Conference, 45th annual meeting, 1977, p. 52–57. [Describes this experimental model, which has been tested in Colorado, U.S.A.]Google Scholar
WARBURTON, J.A., and LINKLETTER, G.O. Atmosphere’s role in chemical composition of Ross Ice Shelf snow. Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 12, No. 4, 1977, p. 161–62. [Reports collection of samples of falling snow during storms and of rime and hoar during fog. These will be used to study temporal changes in snow growth mechanism and associated changes in chemical impurities.]Google Scholar