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Recent increase of ulcerative lesions caused by Anisakis spp. in cetaceans from the north-east Atlantic

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 February 2020

C. Pons-Bordas Open the ORCID record for C. Pons-Bordas [Opens in a new window] ,
A. Hazenberg ,
A. Hernandez-Gonzalez ,
R.V. Pool ,
P. Covelo ,
P. Sánchez-Hermosin ,
A. López ,
C. Saavedra ,
N. Fraija-Fernández  and
M. Fernández
...Show all authors
C. Pons-Bordas*
Affiliation:
Marine Zoology Unit, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071Valencia, Spain
A. Hazenberg
Affiliation:
Marine Zoology Unit, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071Valencia, Spain
A. Hernandez-Gonzalez
Affiliation:
Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Vigo, PO Box 1552, 36390Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
R.V. Pool
Affiliation:
Marine Zoology Unit, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071Valencia, Spain
P. Covelo
Affiliation:
CEMMA (Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamiferos Mariños), PO Box 15, 36380 Gondomar (Pontevedra), Spain
P. Sánchez-Hermosin
Affiliation:
Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Vigo, PO Box 1552, 36390Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
A. López
Affiliation:
CEMMA (Coordinadora para o Estudo dos Mamiferos Mariños), PO Box 15, 36380 Gondomar (Pontevedra), Spain Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193Aveiro, Portugal
C. Saavedra
Affiliation:
Spanish Institute of Oceanography, Oceanographic Center of Vigo, PO Box 1552, 36390Vigo (Pontevedra), Spain
N. Fraija-Fernández
Affiliation:
Marine Zoology Unit, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071Valencia, Spain
M. Fernández
Affiliation:
Marine Zoology Unit, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071Valencia, Spain
F.J. Aznar
Affiliation:
Marine Zoology Unit, Science Park, University of Valencia, PO Box 22085, 46071Valencia, Spain
*
Author for correspondence: C. Pons-Bordas, E-mail: ponsbor@alumni.uv.es
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Abstract

Species of Anisakis typically infect the stomach of cetaceans worldwide, often causing ulcerative lesions that may compromise the host's health. These nematodes also cause anisakiasis or allergic reactions in humans. To assess the risks of this emerging zoonosis, data on long-term changes in Anisakis infections in cetaceans are necessary. Here, we compare the prevalence and severity of ulcerative lesions caused by Anisakis spp. in five cetacean species stranded along the north-west Spanish coast in 2017–2018 with published data from 1991–1996. Open ulcers were found in 32/43 short-beaked common dolphins, Delphinus delphis; 3/5 striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba; 1/7 bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus; and 1/3 harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena meridionalis; a single individual of long-finned pilot whale, Globicephala melas, was found uninfected. In common dolphins, the mean abundance of open ulcers per host was 1.1 (95% confidence interval: 0.8–1.3), with a maximum diameter (mean ± standard deviation) of 25.4 ± 16.9 mm. Stomachs with scars or extensive fibrosis putatively associated with Anisakis were detected in 14 and five animals, respectively. A molecular analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II gene using 18 worms from three cetacean species revealed single or mixed infections of Anisakis simplex sensu stricto and Anisakis pegreffii. Compared with the period 1991–1996, we found a strong increase of prevalence, abundance and extension of ulcerative lesions in most cetacean species. Anisakis populations could have increased in the study area over the last decades, although we cannot rule out that a higher environmental stress has also boosted the pathological effects of these parasites.

Keywords

Anisakiscetaceannorth-east Atlanticstrandingsulcer
Type
Research Paper
Information
Journal of Helminthology , Volume 94 , 2020 , e127
Copyright
Copyright © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Cambridge University Press

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