Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T08:33:21.187Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

New Malaise: Bioethics and Human Rights in the Global Era

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Paul Farmer  and
Nicole Gastineau Campos
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Extract

First, to what level of quality can medical ethics a spire, if it ignores callous discrimination in medrcal practice against large populations of the innocent poor? Second, how effective can such theories be in addressing the critical issues of medical and clinical ethics if they are unable to contribute to the closing of the gap of sociomedical disparity?

Marcio Fabri dos Anjos, Medical Ethics in the Developing World: A Liberation Theology Perspective

Type
Article
Information
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , Volume 32 , Issue 2 , Summer 2004 , pp. 243 - 251
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

dos Anjos, M.F., “Medical Ethics in the Developing World: A Liberation Theology Perspective,” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 21 (1996): 629–637.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brandt, A.M., “Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study,” Hastings Center Report 8, no. 6 (1978): 21–29; Rothman, D., “Were Tuskegee and Wlllowbrook ‘Studies in Nature’?” Hastings Center Report 12, no. 2 (1984): 5–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Brandt, , supra note 2, at 27.Google Scholar
“Criticized Research Quantifies the Risk of AIDS Infection,” New York Times, March 30, 2000, at A16.Google Scholar
Quinn, T.C. Wawer, M.J. Sewankambo, N. et al. “Viral Load and Heterosexual Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1,” New England Journal of Medicine 342 (2000): 921–929, at 921, 927, 928.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, M.S., “Preventing Sexual Transmission of HIV— New Ideas from Sub-Saharan Africa,” New England Journal of Medicine 342 (2000): 970–972, at 972 (emphasis added).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shuger, S., “Supreme Court Cover-Up,” Today’s Papers, Slate, March 30 (2000), at <http://slate.msn.com/?id=1004976> (last visited May 11, 2004).+(last+visited+May+11,+2004).>Google Scholar
Angell, M., “The Ethics of Research in Developing Countries,” New England Journal of Medicine 343 (2000): 967–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
See Quinn, Wawer, Sewankambo, et al. , supra note 5.Google Scholar
Anonymous, “The Ethics Industry,” The Lancet 350 (1997): 897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Id.Google Scholar
National Academy of Science, Nacional Academy of Engineering, Intitute of Medicine, On Being a Scientist 2nd edition (Washington D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Benatar, S.R. Daar, A.S. Singer, P.A., “Global Health Ethics: The Rationale for Mutual Caring,” International Affairs 79 (2003): 107–138, at 110.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Id.Google Scholar
Selgelid, M., “Ethics and Infectious Disease,” Bioethics 15 (2005) forthcoming.Google Scholar
Churchill, L.R., “Are We Professionals? A Critical Look at the Social Role of Bioethicists,” Daedalus 128 (1999): 253–274, at 255.Google Scholar
Id., at 259.Google Scholar
Rathore, S.S. Berger, A.K. Weinfurt, K.P. et al. , “Race, Sex, Poverty, and the Medical Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction in the Elderly,” Circulation: Journal of the American Heart Association 102 (2000): 642–648.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrd, W.M. Clayton, L.A., An American Health Dilemma Vol. 2, Race Medicine, and Health Care in the United States, 1900–2000 (New York: Routledge, 2002); Fiscella, K. Franks, P. Gold, M.R. et al. , “Inequality in Quality: Addressing Socioeconomic, Racial, and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care,” Journal of the American Medical Association 283 (2000): 2579–2584; Freeman, H.P. Payne, R., “Racial Injustice in Health Care,” New England Journal of Medicine 342 (1991): 1045–1047; Schneider, E.C. Zaslavsky, A.M. Epstein, A.M., “Racial Disparities in the Quality of Care for Enrollees in Medicare Managed Care,” Journal of the American Medical Association 287 (2002): 1288–1294; Institute of Medicine, Care Without Coverage: Too Little, Too Late (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002); Institute of Medicine, Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 2002).Google Scholar
World Bank, World Development Indicators, Table 2.15 (Washington, D.C.: International Bank, 2001): at 98–100.Google Scholar
United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Indicators (New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002).Google Scholar
Tomes, N., The Gospel of Germs: Men, Women, and the Microbe in American Life (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Thomas, L., The Youngest Science: Notes of a Medicine-Watcher(New York: Viking Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Farmer, P., “Social Inequalities and Emerging Infectious Diseases,” Emerging Infectious Diseases 2 (1996): 259–269; Farmer, P., Infections and Inequalities: The Modern Plagues (Berkeley. University of California Press, 1999); Farmer, P. Bayona, J. Becerra, M. et al. , “The Dilemma of MDRTB in the Global Era,” International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 2 (1998): 869–876; Garrett, L., Betrayal of Trust: The Collapse of Global Public Health (New York: Hyperion, 2000).Google ScholarPubMed
Regaldo, A. Schoofs, M., “AIDS Researcher HO, Others set to Begin to Tackle SARS,” Wall Street Journal, April 24, 2003, at A3,Google Scholar
World Medical Association, World Medical Association International Code of Medical Ethics, amended by the Twenty-Second World Medical Assembly, Sydney, Australia, August 1968; and the Thirty-Fifth World Medical Assembly, Venice, Italy, October 1983; available at <http://www.wma.net/e/policy/b3.htm> (last visited May 11, 2004). On the impact of Nuremberg on Medical Ethics, see Lifton, R.J., The Nazi Doctors: Medical Killing and the Psychology of Genocide (New York: Basic Books, 1986).Google Scholar
Lurie, P. Wolfe, S.M., “Unethical Trials of Interventions to Reduce Perinatal Transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Developing Countries,” New England Journal of Medicine 337 (1997): 853–856.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schüklenk, U., “Protecting the Vulnerable: Testing Times for Clinical Research Ethics,” Social Science and Medicine 51 (2000): 969–977, at 973.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Report on the Global HIV/AIDS Epidemic 2002 (Geneva: UNAIDS, 2002), at 8.Google Scholar
Resnik, D., “The Ethics of HIV Research in Developing Nations,” Bioethics 12 (1998): 286–306, at 302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Id., at 303.Google Scholar
Id., at 303.Google Scholar
Id., at 306Google Scholar
Zulueta, P., “Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trials and HIV-infected Pregnant Women in Developing Countries. Ethical Imperialism or Unethical Exploitatioa?” Bioethics 15 (2001): 289–311, at 302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gray, R.H. Quinn, T.C. Serwadda, D. et al. , “The Ethicss of Research in Developing Countries,” New England Journal of Medicine 343 (2000): 361–362, at 361.Google Scholar
Angell, M., “The Ethics of Clinical Research in the Third World,” New England Journal of Medicine 337 (1997): 847–849, at 849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sobrino, J., Spirituality of Liberation: Toward Political Holiness (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 1988), at 30.Google Scholar
Benatar, S., “Human Rights in the Biotechnology Era,” BMC International Health and Human Rights 2 (2002): 1–9, at 5, available at <http://www.biomedcentral.eom/1472–698X/2/3>.Google Scholar
Wallerstein, I., After Liberalism (New York: The New Press, 1995), at 6–7.Google Scholar