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Recent Developments in Health Law: Constitutional Law: Despite Reservations, the Second Circuit Defers to State Court's Determination That a Preponderance of the Evidence Standard is Constitutional for Recommitment of NRRMDD Defendants – Ernst J. v. Stonea

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2021

Erika Wilkinson
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Extract

The United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit recently upheld United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York Judge's denial of petitioner's application for a writ of habeas corpus. The Court held that it was not objectively unreasonable for the Appellate Division to conclude, in light of clearly established federal law as expressed by the Supreme Court of the United States, that a New York statute providing for the recommitment of specific defendants who plead not responsible by reason of mental disease or defect (NRRMDD) under a mere “preponderance of the evidence” standard does not violate either due process or the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Type
JLME Column
Information
Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics , Volume 34 , Issue 4 , Winter 2006 , pp. 826 - 828
Copyright
Copyright © American Society of Law, Medicine and Ethics 2006

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References

452 F.3d 186 (2d Cir. 2006).Google Scholar
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Id., at 188–189 (citing Francis S. v. Stone, 221 F.3d 100, 101 (2d Cir. 2000)).Google Scholar
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N.Y.Crim. Proc. Law § 220.15 (4) (McKinney 2006) provides that “The court shall not accept a plea of [NRRMDD] without first determining that there is a factual basis for such a plea. The court must address the defendant personally in open court and determine that the plea is voluntary, knowingly made, and not the result of force, threats, or promises…The court must be satisfied that the defendant understands the proceedings against him, has sufficient capacity to assist in his own defense and understands the consequences of a plea of [NRRMDD].”Google Scholar
See N.Y.Crim. Proc. Law § 330.20(2)-(5) (McKinney 2006).Google Scholar
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“Dangerous mental disorder” means (i) that a defendant currently suffers from a ‘mental illness’ as that term is definition in [Mental Hygiene Law § 1.03(20)], and (ii) that because of such condition he currently constitutes a physical danger to himself or others.” N.Y.Crim. Proc. Law § 330.20(1)(c) (McKinney 2006).Google Scholar
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“Mentally ill” means that a defendant currently suffers from a mental illness for which care and treatment as a patient, in the in-patient services of a psychiatric center under the jurisdiction of the state office of mental health, is essential to such defendant's welfare and that his judgment is so impaired that he is unable to understand the need for such care and treatment. N.Y.Crim. Proc. Law § 330.20(1)(d) (McKinney 2006).Google Scholar
“Order of conditions” means an order directing a defendant to comply with [his] prescribed treatment plan, or any other condition which the court determines to be reasonably necessary or appropriate… An order of condition…shall be valid for five years from the date of its issuance, except that, for good cause shown, the court may extend the period for an additional five years.” N.Y.Crim. Proc. Law § 330.20 (1)(o) (McKinney 2006).Google Scholar
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The petitioner cites Addington v. Texas, 441 U.S. 418 (1979) (The Court concluded that in civil commitment proceedings, states must prove the elements of mental illness and dangerousness by no less than “clear and convincing” evidence), Jones v. United States, 463 U.S. 354 (1983) (The Court's decision concerned only the initial confinement of insanity acquittees, and specifically did not address the standard of proof applicable to recommitment or release procedures), and Foucha v. Louisiana, 504 U.S. 71 (1992) (Reaffirming the holding in Jones, but clarified that a state may not, consistent with the Fourteenth Amendment, continue to confine in a psychiatric facility an insanity acquittee who remains dangerous but who no longer suffers from any mental illness).Google Scholar
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